An ancient Indian goddess. Originally an adjective attached to a feminine noun meaning "filled with water", she became a proper noun and came to refer to a specific river in northwest India. In the Rig Veda, the oldest Indian scripture, she is deified as the greatest of the 25 rivers mentioned, and is described as a great river that originates in the heavens, rises from the mountains, and flows into the sea. She is also often identified with the small river Sarsuti, which is now submerged in the sands of Patiala, and in Hindu mythology, it is said that she was transformed into this small river by the curse of the sage Utatya. Since ancient times, she has been considered a river goddess with the powers of fertility, production, wealth, and purification, but in later times she was identified with the goddess of speech, Bhatu, and became strongly associated with learning, becoming the goddess of literature. In Buddhism, she is represented as Benzaiten. In Hinduism, there are many myths about this goddess, including her being the wife of Brahma (Brahma). [Hara Minoru] Hoysala Dynasty (12th century) Phyllite-schist Height: 89.6 cm Karnataka, India Collection of the Art Institute of Chicago Saraswati Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代インドの女神。元来「水を湛(たた)える」を意味する女性名詞にかかる形容詞であるが、固有名詞となって西北インドの特定の河川をさすようになった。インド最古の聖典『リグ・ベーダ』では、言及される25の河川のなかでも最高の河川として神格化されており、天上に淵源(えんげん)し、山より出(い)でて海に注ぐ大河としてうたわれている。また、しばしば現在のパティアラの砂中に没する小河サルスーティと比定され、ヒンドゥー教神話においては、聖仙ウタティヤの呪(のろ)いによってこの小河に化したと語られている。古くから河川の女神として、豊穣(ほうじょう)、生産、富、浄化の力をもつとされたが、後世にはことばの女神バーチュと同一視されて学問との結び付きが強くなり、文芸守護の女神となった。仏教では弁才天として表現されている。ヒンドゥー教ではブラフマー(梵天(ぼんてん))の妻になるなど、多数の神話がこの女神に語られている。 [原 實] ホイサラ朝(12世紀) 千枚岩-片岩 高さ89.6cm インド カルナータカ州シカゴ美術研究所所蔵"> サラスバティー 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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