Sayama Pond

Japanese: 狭山池 - さやまいけ

Japan's oldest reservoir, located in Sayama City, Osaka Prefecture. It was created by damming the Nishiyoke River and Mitsuya River, which flow north. The entry for July 2, 62nd year of the reign of Emperor Sujin in the Nihon Shoki states that the Emperor issued an edict to open a pond in Sayama, Kawachi, and the section on Emperor Suinin in the Kojiki states that Prince Inishikinoirihiko built the pond. It is believed that Gyoki repaired it in 731 and built the lower pond the following year, and in 1202 Chogen repaired it and installed a stone trough. In 1608, under the orders of Toyotomi Hideyori, the magistrate Katagiri Katsumoto ordered official construction, expanding the area to over 50 hectares, irrigating approximately 80 villages and 55,000 koku of rice. During the Edo period, the pond was under the direct control of the shogunate and was once ruled by the Sayama Domain. The position of pond keeper was inherited by those related to the Ikejiri family who had been in charge since the great renovation of the Keicho period. Most of the pond water was not used to irrigate farmland directly, but was instead pumped to the reservoir of the Mizushimo village as a parent pond. Water was distributed by a time-based water distribution system. When the Yamato River was diverted in 1704, the water supply and drainage channels were cut, reducing the water supply by about 10,000 koku and reducing the number of villages to about 50. Although it is unclear when, seven villages were formed with the right to draw water at any time within the allocated time. In 1898, the Sayama Pond General Water Users Association was formed, and the water supply method and regulations were modernized from the Taisho period to the early Showa period. Construction of the pond as a flood control dam began in 1988, and carbon isotope dating and other methods have determined that the pond was built in the early 7th century. A stone monument was also discovered that supports the renovation of Chogen. The irrigation area is 478 ha, the water surface area after completion of Sayamaike Dam will be 36 ha, the storage capacity will be 2.8 million ^m3 , the dam crest length will be 2,830 m and the dam height will be 18.5 m.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

大阪府大阪狭山市にある日本最古の溜池。北流する西除(にしよけ)川と三津屋(みつや)川をせき止めて造った。《日本書紀》崇神(すじん)天皇62年７月２日条に天皇が河内の狭山に池溝を開けと詔したとあり，《古事記》垂仁天皇段には皇子印色入日子(いにしきのいりひこ)命が当池を造ったとみえる。731年行基が修理し翌年下池を築造したと考えられ，1202年には重源(ちょうげん)が修理して石樋を置いた。1608年豊臣秀頼の命で片桐且元の奉行による御用普請で面積は50ha以上となり，約80村・５万5000石を灌漑(かんがい)した。江戸時代は幕府直轄で一時期狭山藩が支配し，池を管理する池守は慶長の大改修以来の池尻家の関係者が世襲した。池水の大部分は直接耕地を灌漑せず，親池として水下村落の溜池に送水された。配水は時間による番水制を採用。1704年の大和川付け替えにより送水・排水路が切断され，水懸高は約１万石減少，村数も50ほどとなった。時期は不明だが割当時間の範囲内で随時引水する権利を持つ７村が生じた。1898年狭山池普通水利組合が結成され，大正から昭和初期に送水方法・規約も近代化された。1988年から治水ダム化工事がはじまり，炭素同位体法による年代測定などで築造は７世紀初期とされ，また重源の改修を裏づける石碑が発見された。灌漑区域は478ha，狭山池ダム完成後の湛水面積は36ha，貯水容量280万m³，堤頂長2830m，堤高18.5m。

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