Archilochus - Archilochos

Japanese: アルキロコス - あるきろこす(英語表記)Archilochos
Archilochus - Archilochos

Date of birth and death unknown. Greek lyric poet active from the first half to the middle of the 7th century BC. Born on the island of Paros. Using the yambos and other poetic forms, he sang extensively about events around him, and was as popular as Homer. Unlike heroic epics, he is thought to have been the first person to sing about his own daily life and express himself as a poet. There are many legends about his life, and many unknowns. He seems to have spent his life fighting and suffering, and participated in the colonization of the island of Thasos. There are verses that refer to a total solar eclipse, which is thought to have been an experience he had on the island of Paros in 648 BC. His poetry was compiled into three volumes: the yambos, the elegia, and the hymn to the gods, but only fragments remain today. His poetry is free and uninhibited, and deals with the emotions of everyday life, especially anger, ridicule, hatred, curses, and love. It is well known that he was engaged to Neobres, the daughter of Lycambes, but when the engagement was called off, he wrote a poem that slandered the family, which resulted in the daughters hanging themselves. It is also well known that he boldly sang about how he left his shield next to a bush on the battlefield, but his life was spared, and this shows a new way of life that is different from Homeric values.

[Takao Hashimoto]

"The Poets of Girisha" by Go Shigeichi (1956, Chikuma Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生没年不詳。紀元前7世紀の前半から中期にかけて活躍したギリシアの叙情詩人。パロス島に生まれる。イアンボスその他の詩形を用いて身の回りのできごとを縦横に歌い上げ、ホメロスと並ぶ人気を得ていた。英雄叙事詩とは異なり、自己の日常を歌い、詩人としての自己を表現した最初の人と考えられている。その生涯については伝説めいたものが多く、不明な点が多い。一生を戦闘と不遇のうちに過ごしたようであり、タソス島の植民活動に参加している。皆既日食に触れた詩句が残っていて、これは前648年のパロス島での体験とみられている。詩集は『イアンボス』『エレゲイア』『神々の賛歌』の3巻にまとめられていたが、現在では断片しか残っていない。詩は自由闊達(かったつ)で、だれはばかることなく、日々の生活感情を取り上げ、とくに、怒り、嘲笑(ちょうしょう)、怨恨(えんこん)、呪詛(じゅそ)や恋を歌っている。リュカンベスの娘ネオブレと婚約していたが、破棄されたため、この一族を詩で誹謗(ひぼう)し、その結果娘たちが縊死(いし)したという話は有名である。また、戦場で盾を茂みのそばに置き去りにしたが、命だけは助かったことを堂々と歌っていることはよく知られているが、そこに、ホメロス的な価値観とは一線を画する新しい生き方がうかがわれる。

[橋本隆夫]

『呉茂一著『ぎりしあの詩人たち』(1956・筑摩書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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