The first caliph of the Abbasid dynasty (reigned 750-754). Commonly known as Abu al-Abbas. A descendant of Abbas, the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (Mohammed). After his brother Ibrahim, who led the Abbasid movement to overthrow the Umayyad dynasty and have a caliph from the Muhammad family, was killed, he declared himself caliph at the support of the revolutionary army that entered Kufa in 749. The following year, he defeated the Umayyad army on the banks of the Zab River, a tributary of the Tigris River, and killed the last caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, Marwan II, who had fled to Egypt, officially establishing the Abbasid dynasty. He then killed the vizier Abu Salama, who tried to defend the Ali family, which also belonged to the Muhammad family, and began oppressing the Shiites, establishing the authority of the Abbasid family. He also moved again from Kufa, where the Shiites had a strong influence, and began construction of a new capital, Hashimiya, near Anbar, but died before it was completed. [Kimi Morimoto] ©Shogakukan "> Abbasid Caliphate/Brief Family Tree Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アッバース朝の初代カリフ(在位750~754)。通称はアブル・アッバース。預言者ムハンマド(マホメット)の叔父アッバースの子孫。ウマイヤ朝を打倒し、ムハンマド家からカリフを出すべきだとするアッバース家運動を指導していた兄のイブラヒームが殺されたあと、749年にクーファに入城した革命軍の推戴(すいたい)を受けてカリフたることを宣言。翌年ティグリス川の支流ザーブ川のほとりでウマイヤ朝軍を破り、さらにエジプトに逃亡したウマイヤ朝最後のカリフ、マルワーン2世を殺して、正式にアッバース朝を開いた。続いて同じムハンマド家に属するアリー家を擁護しようとした宰相アブー・サラマを殺して、シーア派の弾圧に踏み切り、アッバース家の権威を確立した。またシーア派の勢力の強いクーファから三たび居を移して、アンバール近くで新首都ハーシミーヤの建設を始めたが、完成をみずに没した。 [森本公誠] ©Shogakukan"> アッバース朝/略系図 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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