An Iranian dynasty (c. 867-c. 1495) centered on the Sistan region in southeastern Iran. It was founded by Yaqub ibn Rais, a coppersmith (Saffar) and hence the name. He was also the leader of the Ayyar group, a group of chivalrous men, and with that power he gained independence from the Tahirid dynasty, seized its capital, Neyshabur, and extended his influence to Kabul. During the reign of the next ruler, Amr ibn Rais, the Abbasid caliph officially recognized their rule over Khorasan, Fars, and Sistan, but in the early 10th century, Sistan was temporarily occupied by the Samanid dynasty, and in the early 11th century, by the Ghaznavid dynasty, and they were allowed to continue to exist under their suzerainty. They then submitted to the Seljuk dynasty in the mid-11th century and to the Ilkhanid dynasty in the 13th century, and their territory was limited to Sistan. The Saffarid dynasty survived, even if only nominally, because the support of Ayyar and the general public was too great to be ignored. [Kousuke Shimizu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イラン南東部のシースターン地方を中心にしたイラン系王朝(867ころ~1495ころ)。銅細工師(サッファール)出身のヤークーブ・ブン・ライスが創設したので、この名でよばれる。彼は同時に任侠(にんきょう)集団のアイヤールの長で、その力を背景にターヒル朝から独立し、その首都ネイシャーブールを奪い、カブールまで勢力を伸ばした。次の君主アムル・ブン・ライスの時代には、アッバース朝のカリフから、正式にホラサーン、ファールス、シースターンにおける支配を公認されたが、10世紀初めにはサーマーン朝に、11世紀初頭にはガズナ朝によって一時シースターンを占領され、その宗主権下に存続を許されるようになった。さらに11世紀中ごろにはセルジューク朝に、13世紀にはイル・ハン朝に服属し、領土もシースターンに限られるようになった。サッファール家が名目的にせよ存続したのは、アイヤールや民衆の支持が無視できぬ力をもっていたためであった。 [清水宏祐] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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