Rat poison - Sosozai

Japanese: 殺鼠剤 - さっそざい
Rat poison - Sosozai

A chemical used to poison rats. There are many types of chemicals that will kill rats if they ingest them, but because rats are cautious and timid animals, there are only a limited number of substances they will ingest. Before World War II, Nekoirazu (an 8% yellow phosphorus preparation) was the main poison used, with barium salts, arsenic trioxide, and strychnine also being used. In addition, the rodent typhoid bacillus, a rodent infectious disease bacteria, was cultivated and mixed into bait for the rats to eat, which was effective in killing rats, but after the war, this was banned by order of the occupying forces for hygienic reasons.

After the war, ANTU, which is only harmful to rats and not to humans, was used for a time, but it is no longer used because it has a strong repellent effect and is not effective. Sodium monofluoroacetate, which rats like to ingest and is extremely toxic to rats compared to other rat poisons, is also extremely toxic to humans and is designated as a specific poison by the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law, so it cannot be used in general. The most widely used drug in the world is warfarin. When rats ingest it continuously, it causes the blood to lose its clotting function and causes internal bleeding in the organs. Since rats have a habit of inviting their mates to bait one after another when they find food, it is ideal for eradicating rats in the surrounding area. However, it is not widely used in Japan because it is only effective if the rats ingest it for five or more consecutive days.

The ingredients of rodenticides that are commonly used today include zinc phosphide, thallium sulfate, and sciliroside. Sciliroside is the oldest rodenticide in history, having been used since around 2000 BC. It uses an extract from the bulbs of the sea onion, a plant of the lily family, and is non-toxic to animals other than rodents. Norbomide is only highly effective against rats (brown rats and brown rats), and is completely non-toxic to mice, other animals, and humans. The effectiveness of a poison bait is greatly influenced by how the poison bait is made and where it is placed. It is important to make poison bait from ingredients that the rats you are trying to exterminate are accustomed to eating on a regular basis.

[Murata Michio]

[References] | Rats | Warfarin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ネズミを毒殺するために用いる薬剤。ネズミが摂食すれば死ぬ薬品は多種類あるが、ネズミは用心深い臆病(おくびょう)な動物であるから、摂食する物質は限られる。第二次世界大戦前はおもに猫いらず(8%の黄リン製剤)が用いられ、一部バリウム塩類や亜ヒ酸(三酸化ヒ素)、ストリキニーネが使われていた。また、殺鼠のためにネズミの伝染病菌の野鼠チフス菌が培養され、餌(えさ)に混ぜて食ベさせて効果をあげていたが、戦後、占領軍の命令で衛生上の理由から禁止された。

 戦後、ネズミにのみ有害で人畜無害なアンツー(ANTU)が一時期使用されたが、忌避作用が強く効果があがらないので、現在は使用されていない。ネズミが好んで摂取し、ほかの殺鼠剤に比べネズミに対する毒性がきわめて強いモノフルオール酢酸ナトリウムは、人間にもきわめて有毒なため、「毒物及び劇物取締法」によって特定毒物に指定されているので、一般には使えない。世界中でもっとも使われているのはワルファリンである。これは、ネズミが連続して摂取することにより血液凝固機能を失い臓器に内出血をおこすもので、餌をみつけると仲間を次々に誘うネズミの習性から、近辺一帯のネズミを全滅するために理想的なものである。ただ、連続して5日以上摂取させないと効果がないため、日本ではあまり普及していない。

 現在多く用いられている殺鼠剤の成分は、リン化亜鉛、硫酸タリウム、シリロシドなどである。シリロシドは紀元前2000年ごろから用いられている歴史上もっとも古い殺鼠剤で、ユリ科植物である海葱(かいそう)の鱗茎(りんけい)からの抽出物を用いるが、齧歯(げっし)類以外には無毒である。ノルボマイドはラット(ドブネズミやクマネズミ)にのみきわめて有効で、マウスやほかの動物、人間にはまったく無毒である。殺鼠効果は毒餌(どくじ)の作り方や置く場所による影響が大きい。駆除しようとするネズミが平常食べ慣れているもので毒餌をつくることがたいせつである。

[村田道雄]

[参照項目] | ラット | ワルファリン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Satta Pass - Satta Pass

>>:  Miscellaneous lawsuit decision office - Zasso Ketsudansho

Recommend

First arm - First arm

… [Tsunetaro Fujita] [Cultural History of Arms] &...

Volgo-Ural'skii Neftegazonosnyi Bassein (English spelling)

...Originally limited to the Volga River in the w...

Paestum (English spelling)

The ruins of an ancient Greek and Roman city in Ca...

Hydroxysuccinic acid

...A type of hydroxy acid (oxycarboxylic acid), i...

Hakodate [city] - Hakodate

A city in southwest Hokkaido. Established as a cit...

Tsukifune Jukei - Gesshu Jukei

Year of death: Tenbun 2.12.8 (1533.12.23) Year of ...

Celadon

A type of porcelain. In principle, the surface of...

Ape-Man Cave - Enjindo

…A fossil human discovered at Site 1 of the Zhouk...

Canoeing

… [Kenichi Sudo] [Canoeing] A sport in which peop...

Kong Yingda - The Man

A Chinese scholar from the late Sui and early Tang...

Hamster - Hamster (English spelling)

It is an animal of the order Rodentia and family ...

landsmål (English spelling) landsmal

…When Norway gained independence from Denmark in ...

Patterns of Culture

…Based on field surveys of American Indians and l...

Yuki [town] - Yuki

A former town in Kaifu County in the southern part...

Enshu Railway Co., Ltd.

Official company name: Enshu Railway Co., Ltd. Com...