Administrative Inspection - Gyoseikansatsu

Inspection is an investigation for the purpose of self-control and improvement of administration. An institution may be set up specifically for inspection. Before the central government reform in 2001, the Management and Coordination Agency (now the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) had an Administrative Inspection Bureau as one of its internal departments, which investigated the actual status and problems of the work of each ministry and agency, special corporations (which now also include independent administrative institutions), and the work of local governments entrusted or subsidized by the national government, and recommended improvement measures to the relevant administrative agencies. This was called administrative inspection. Currently, this has been taken over by the Administrative Evaluation Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, and its content has expanded from "monitoring" to "evaluation" (Article 4, Items 11 to 13 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Establishment Act), but this evaluation is not a policy evaluation (Policy Evaluation Act) that takes into account the revision or abolition of policies, but is based on policies and is conducted from the perspective of their compliance, purposefulness, efficiency, and economy. In order to ensure the implementation of investigations and improvement measures in this administrative inspection (monitoring and evaluation), the authority to investigate and the authority to submit opinions to the Prime Minister are specifically stipulated (Article 6 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Establishment Act).

In addition, audits by the Board of Audit and audits by the Audit Commissioner are also stipulated as contributing to self-control and improvement of the administration.

[Osamu Araki February 18, 2022]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

行政の自己統制・改善のために調査することを監察という。監察のためにとくに機関が置かれることがある。2001年（平成13）の中央省庁等改革以前において、総務庁（現、総務省）に内部部局の一つとして行政監察局が置かれ、各省庁、特殊法人（現在では独立行政法人も対象に含まれている）の業務や国の委任・補助に係る地方公共団体の業務の実態と問題点を調査し、改善方策を関係行政機関に勧告することが行われ、行政監察とよばれてきた。現在、これは総務省行政評価局に引き継がれるとともに、その内容は「監視」だけでなく「評価」にまで広がっているが（総務省設置法4条11号～13号）、この評価は、政策の改廃をも視野に入れた政策評価（政策評価法）ではなく、政策を前提としてその合規性、合目的性、効率性、経済性の観点から行われるものである。この行政監察（監視・評価）における調査や改善方策の実施を担保するために、調査権限や内閣総理大臣に対する意見具申権限がとくに定められている（総務省設置法6条）。

　このほか、会計検査院による会計検査、監査委員による監査も、行政の自己統制・改善に資するものとして定められている。

［荒木　修　2022年2月18日］

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