It comes from the Hebrew word Sātān and means "adversary." In the Old Testament, Satan is often used to refer to humans, such as "enemy" or "foe," but in later Jewish scriptures such as the Book of Zechariah (3:1-2) and the Book of Job, Satan is considered a superhuman being. However, in the Old Testament, this is also a test imposed on humans by Yahweh, and the idea of Satan as a supernatural "devil" seen in the New Testament is influenced by Persian religion, which is based on the dualism of good and evil. In the New Testament, Satan is said to hinder the fulfillment of God's plan, test Christ, and tempt believers, but here too, he is not in dualistic opposition to God, and is ultimately placed under God's control and destroyed. Influenced by Judaism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and other religions, Islam also has an evil Shaitan (Satan) in its doctrine. These have been depicted in ancient literature and paintings, and Lucifer and Mephistopheles are famous. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ヘブライ語 Sātānに由来し「敵対する者」を表わす。旧約聖書では「敵」「仇」など人間について用いられた例も多いが,『ゼカリヤ書』 (3・1~2) ,『ヨブ記』などユダヤ教後期の聖典では,超人間的存在とされている。しかし,旧約聖書では,これもヤハウェによる試練として人間に課されるものであり,新約聖書にみられる超自然的「悪魔」としてのサタンの観念は,善悪二元論に立つペルシア宗教の影響である。新約聖書では,サタンは神の計画の成就を妨げ,キリストを試し,信仰者を誘惑するものとされるが,ここでも神と二元的に対立するものではなく,最後には神の支配下におかれ,滅ぼされる。イスラム教でもユダヤ教,キリスト教,ゾロアスター教などの影響を受け,悪をなすシャイタン (サタン) を教義のなかにもっている。これらは古来文学や絵画などで描かれ,ルキフェル,メフィストフェレスなどは有名である。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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