A specialized film production facility located within a certain area. This is where film sets are constructed, and filming and recording work is carried out. There are outdoor filming locations within the premises, but there are usually also several indoor work locations called stages. Many stages are equipped with soundproofing equipment. The first film studio in history was the Black Maria, established in New Jersey in 1893 by the American Edison Company, and in Japan, the Meguro Studio of Yoshizawa Shokai, built in 1908 (Meiji 41), is considered to be the first. With the development of the film industry, by the first half of the 20th century, major Hollywood film companies came to own vast film studios known as "factories of dreams," and in Europe, the Babelsberg Studios in Germany and the Cinecittà Studios in Italy were famous as huge film studios. However, after World War II, due to the spread of television and the diversification of entertainment, many film companies were forced to downsize, close, or sell their film studios due to financial difficulties, or to convert to rental studios. Furthermore, factors such as the shift to a production style that emphasizes location shooting and dramatic improvements in the performance of filming equipment have also contributed to the fact that the industry no longer has the same vitality as it once did, but it remains an indispensable part of film production. [Ken Okumura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一定の敷地内に設けられた映画製作のための専門施設。ここで映画のセットが組み立てられたり、撮影や録音作業が行われる。敷地内には屋外の撮影現場もあるが、ステージとよばれる屋内の作業現場もいくつか設置されているのが通常である。またステージには、防音設備を配しているところが多い。史上初の映画撮影所は、アメリカのエジソン社が1893年にニュージャージー州に設けた「ブラック・マリア」で、日本では1908年(明治41)に建てられた吉沢商会目黒撮影所が嚆矢(こうし)とされる。映画産業の発展とともに、20世紀前半までに、ハリウッドの大手映画会社は「夢の工場」と称される広大な撮影所を所有するようになるが、ヨーロッパでもドイツのバーベルスベルク撮影所やイタリアのチネチッタ撮影所が巨大撮影所として名を馳(は)せた。しかし第二次世界大戦後、テレビの普及や娯楽の多様化などにより、映画会社の多くが経営難から撮影所の縮小や閉鎖、売却、あるいは貸スタジオなどへの業態の転換を余儀なくされるようになる。また、ロケーション撮影を重視する製作方式への移行や、撮影機材の性能面における飛躍的向上なども追い打ちとなり、いまでは往年の活気がみられることはほとんどなくなったものの、映画製作に欠かせない存在であることに変わりはない。 [奥村 賢] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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