A Russian female revolutionary. Born into an aristocratic family in Smolensk Province. In 1868, she went to the capital, St. Petersburg, to join the revolutionary movement. From 1869 to 1871, she was imprisoned in connection with the Nechayev Affair, and later exiled. In 1878, she shot and injured St. Petersburg Mayor Trepov, who had had her comrade Bogolyubov whipped. She was found not guilty by the jury, but fled the country fearing re-arrest. In 1879, she returned to Russia and joined the Narodnik secret society "Chornyi Perezhel (All Land Replacement) Faction." The following year, she fled the country again, and in 1883, she participated in the founding of the "Labor Liberation League." She translated the works of Marx and Engels, and corresponded with them. In 1903, she supported the Mensheviks at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, and became one of its leaders. She returned to Russia in 1905 and opposed the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Lenin attacked her Menshevism but highly praised her revolutionary activities in her youth. [Tsuguo Tonokawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの婦人革命家。スモレンスク県の貴族の家に生まれる。1868年首都ペテルブルグに出て革命運動に加わり、69~71年、ネチャーエフの事件に関係して投獄され、のち流刑となった。78年、同志ボゴリューボフを鞭(むち)打ちに処したペテルブルグ市長トレポフを銃撃して負傷させた。彼女は、この件で陪審員から無罪を宣せられたが、再逮捕を恐れて国外へ逃亡。79年、帰国してナロードニキの秘密結社「チョールヌイ・ペレジェール(全土地割替)派」に加盟。翌年ふたたび国外に逃れ、83年「労働解放団」の設立に参加。マルクス、エンゲルスの著作を翻訳し、彼らと文通した。1903年、ロシア社会民主労働党の第2回大会でメンシェビキを支持して、その指導者の一人となった。05年ロシアに戻り、17年のボリシェビキの革命には反対の態度をとった。レーニンは彼女のメンシェビズムは攻撃したが、若いときの革命活動は高く評価している。 [外川継男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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