Also called reverse transcriptase. An enzyme that synthesizes DNA based on the base sequence of RNA. It is contained within the particles of retroviruses, a type of RNA virus, and synthesizes a DNA strand with a complementary base sequence using the viral single-stranded RNA as a template. This enzyme also synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the resulting double-stranded RNA and DNA. As it was discovered in an RNA tumor virus, it provided insight into the mechanism of carcinogenesis caused by this type of virus, but it is also significant in that it demonstrated the existence of a flow of genetic information in the opposite direction to the usual direction, synthesizing DNA using RNA as a template. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
逆転写酵素reverse transcriptaseとも呼ばれる。RNAの塩基配列をもとにDNAを合成する酵素で,RNAウイルスの一種類であるレトロウイルス類の粒子内に含まれ,ウイルスの一本鎖RNAを鋳型に,相補的な塩基配列をもつDNA鎖を合成する。合成後のRNAとDNAとの二重鎖をもとに,二重鎖DNAを合成する反応もこの酵素が行う。RNA腫瘍ウイルスで発見されたことから,この類のウイルスに起因する癌化機構に知見を与えたが,RNAを鋳型にDNAを合成するという,通常とは逆方向の遺伝情報の流れの存在を示した意義も大きい。
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