Election law reform - parliamentary reform

Japanese: 選挙法改正 - せんきょほうかいせい（英語表記）parliamentary reform

As a historical term, it refers to the several reforms to the electoral law that took place in the United Kingdom from the 19th to the 20th century. Britain is said to be the birthplace of the parliamentary system, and its history dates back to the Middle Ages. Parliament was born as a meeting of feudal lords who received titles directly from the King between the 11th and 14th centuries, and after a period of absolute monarchy in the 15th and 16th centuries when it functioned as an advisory assembly to the King, it gained the status of a modern sovereign parliament through the civil revolutions of the 17th century (the Puritan Revolution and the Glorious Revolution). However, this modern sovereign parliament was in reality no more than an oligarchic political institution of the landed gentry (aristocracy and gentry), who became the ruling class as a result of the civil revolutions.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

歴史上の用語としては，19世紀から20世紀にかけてイギリスで行われた数次の選挙法の改正をいう。イギリスは議会制度の母国といわれ，その歴史は中世にまでさかのぼる。議会は，11世紀から14世紀にかけて国王から直接授封された封建諸侯の会議として生まれ，国王の諮問議会として機能した15,16世紀の絶対王政期を経た後，17世紀の市民革命(ピューリタン革命と名誉革命)によって，近代的主権議会の地位を獲得した。だが，この近代的主権議会も，実質は，市民革命の結果，支配階級となった地主階級(貴族とジェントリー)の寡頭的な政治機関の域を出るものではなかった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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