Odessa (English spelling)

Japanese: オデッサ（英語表記）Odessa

The capital of Odessa Oblast in southern Ukraine. A port city located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea, northeast of the mouth of the Dnestr River. The current city began in the 14th century when the Tatars built a fortress called Hazybey. It was part of Lithuania-Poland and Turkey before becoming part of Russia in 1791. A new fortress and port were built between 1892 and 1894, and in 1795 it was renamed Odessa after the Greek colony of Odessos, which is said to have been located nearby in ancient times. It developed rapidly in the second half of the 19th century, especially after the opening of the railway in 1866. The port prospered as a grain export port for Ukraine, and became the largest port in southern Russia. It is still the largest port in Ukraine, importing and exporting grain, coal, oil, machinery, etc., and is also important as a fishing port. In 1957, an outer port was built in Ilyichevsk, about 20 km south. It is also a key point for land transportation, and is connected by rail and road to other parts of Ukraine as well as to Moldova and Romania. The industrial sector has also developed, with industries including machinery (machine tools, cranes, transport equipment, refrigeration equipment, film projectors), ship repair, food, oil refining, chemicals (fertilizers, medicines, paints), and textiles. The city has many educational and cultural facilities, including Odessa University (1865), the Merchant Marine University, the Naval University, theaters, museums, and film studios. The city is known as the setting for the Potemkin Mutiny (1905), also known from Eisenstein's film, and features the Potemkin Steps facing the seafront. There are many resorts in the city and on the hills along the coast on the outskirts of the city, including Lermontovsky, Arkadiya, Kuyalnitsky, and Khadzybeysky. Population: 1,101,000 (1991 estimate).

Odessa
Odessa

A city in western Texas, USA. The city was named by Russian workers who worked on railroad construction here in 1881, because the scenery there resembled that of their hometown, Odessa. German immigrants settled in 1886. Surrounded by the high plains of southern Texas, Odessa is a city of livestock farming and suburban agriculture. After the discovery of oil in the 1920s, Odessa expanded rapidly. Located on the rich oil fields of the Permian Basin, Odessa is a center of oil refining, transportation, and the chemical industry. It also has abundant reserves of rock salt, potash, and graphite. It is home to the University of Texas Permian Basin (established in 1970). Population: 89,699 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ウクライナ南部，オデッサ州の州都。黒海北西岸，ドネストル川河口の北東方に位置する港湾都市。 14世紀タタール人がハジベイと呼ぶ要塞を築いたのが現在の市の始りで，リトアニア＝ポーランド領，トルコ領を経て，1791年ロシア領となった。その後 92～94年に新たに要塞と港が建設され，95年，古代にこの地の近くにあったとされるギリシアの植民市オデッソスにちなんでオデッサと改名された。 19世紀後半，特に 1866年の鉄道開通以来急速に発展。港はウクライナの穀物輸出港として繁栄し，南ロシア最大の港となった。現在でもウクライナ最大の港湾として，穀物，石炭，石油，機械類などの輸出入を行うとともに，漁港としても重要。 1957年には南約 20kmのイリイチョフスクに外港が建設された。陸上交通の要地でもあり，ウクライナ各地のほか，モルドバ，ルーマニアとも鉄道，道路で結ばれている。工業部門でも発展し，機械 (工作機械，クレーン，輸送機器，冷凍設備，映写機) ，船舶修理，食品，製油，化学 (肥料，薬品，塗料) ，繊維などの工業がある。市内にはオデッサ大学 (1865) ，商船大学，海軍大学，劇場，博物館，映画製作所など多くの教育・文化施設がある。エイゼンシュテインの映画でも知られるポチョムキン号の反乱 (1905) の舞台となったところとして知られ，海岸通りに面して「ポチョムキン階段」がある。市内，市郊外の海岸沿いの丘陵上には保養地も多く，レールモントフスキー，アルカジヤ，クヤリニツキー，ハジベイスキーなどは有名。人口 110万 1000 (1991推計) 。

オデッサ
Odessa

アメリカ合衆国，テキサス州西部の都市。地名は，1881年この地の鉄道建設に従事したロシア人労働者たちが，故郷オデッサの風光に似ているところから命名したもの。 86年ドイツ人移民が入植。周辺はテキサス州南部の高原地帯で，牧畜や遠郊農業が行われる。 1920年代の石油の発見後，オデッサは急速に拡大された。豊かなパーミアン盆地の油田地帯を控え，石油精製，輸送，化学工業の中心をなす。岩塩，カリウム，石墨の埋蔵量も豊富。テキサス大学パーミアンベースン校 (1970創立) がある。人口8万 9699 (1990) 。

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