Sakuma Kasegi

Japanese: 作間稼 - さくまかせぎ

In the Edo period, farming was a way of earning money or doing business in rural areas between farming. It was also called noukanka, noukayo, or noukatosei. At that time, peasants were prohibited from running businesses in principle, but they were allowed to do handicrafts, commerce, and industry on the farm. Although charcoal burning and hunting in the mountains, boating on rivers and the sea, and fishing were listed as farming in the village ledger, they were actually the main occupation. From the mid-Edo period onwards, farming was practiced especially in the Kinai region and villages around Edo, and various farming businesses were seen, such as side jobs along roads, inns, and riverbanks, as well as izakayas, stew shops, bathhouses, and footwear businesses. In response to this trend, the shogunate repeatedly issued notices from 1722 onwards banning new farming businesses, but to no avail. The Kanto Torishitsu-shuteki, established in 1805, placed importance on keeping track of these wanderers, with the aim of maintaining public order and preventing the upheaval of order in villages. In the Kinai region, including Osaka, the distribution of agricultural products that could be commercialized, such as vegetables, cotton, rapeseed, and rice for sake brewing, became popular, and although these were considered side jobs in rural areas, they formed the basis of local industries.
→ Related topics Kawachi Cotton | Silk Revolt

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

江戸時代，農村で耕作の合間に手間稼ぎや商売を行うこと。農間(のうかん)稼・農間余業・農間渡世(とせい)などともいう。当時の百姓は原則として商売を禁じられていたが，農間の手仕事や商工業は認めており，また山間の炭焼や狩猟，河海での舟運や漁労などは村明細帳に農間稼とされるものの，じつのところ主業であった。江戸時代中期以降，とくに畿内(きない)や江戸の周辺諸村では作間稼が行われ，街道筋や宿駅，河岸(かし)などでの駄賃(だちん)稼や居酒屋・煮売屋・湯屋(ゆや)・履物商など多様な農間渡世がみられるようになった。こうした動きに対して1722年以降に幕府は繰り返し触(ふれ)を発して新規の作間商渡世を禁じているものの効果がなかった。1805年設置の関東取締出役ではこれら渡世人の把握が重視されたが，これは治安の維持とともに村の秩序が動揺していくのを防ごうとするものであった。大坂など畿内では蔬菜・綿作・菜種・酒造米など商品化される農産物の流通が盛んになり，農村内での副業とされながらも，地域産業の基盤となっている。
→関連項目河内木綿｜絹一揆

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