Neutron absorber

Japanese: 中性子吸収材 - ちゅうせいしきゅうしゅうざい(英語表記)neutron absorber
Neutron absorber
One of the main materials that make up the core of a nuclear reactor, it absorbs neutrons and adjusts the number of neutrons in the core, thereby regulating the reactor's power output or shutting down the reactor. When a nuclear reactor is operating, nuclear fuel absorbs neutrons and undergoes nuclear fission, generating thermal energy and neutrons. Some of the neutrons generated are absorbed by other fuel, continuing the nuclear chain reaction, while some of the neutrons are absorbed by core materials other than the fuel or leak out of the reactor. If something that easily absorbs neutrons is added or removed from the core, the number of neutrons involved in nuclear fission changes, making it possible to adjust the reactor's power output or shut down the reactor.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
原子炉の炉心を構成する主要な材料の一つで,中性子を吸収し,炉心内の中性子の数を調節して,原子炉の出力の調節あるいは原子炉を停止する役割をもつもの。原子炉が運転状態にあるとき,核燃料は中性子を吸収して核分裂し,熱エネルギーや中性子を発生している。発生した中性子の一部は他の燃料に吸収され,核反応の連鎖反応が持続するが,一方,中性子の一部は燃料以外の炉心構成材料に吸収されたり,炉外へ漏れ出ていく。ここで中性子を吸収しやすいものを炉心に出し入れすると核分裂に関係する中性子の数が変わることになり,原子炉の出力の調節や原子炉の停止を行うことができる。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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