Originally an adjective meaning "black," Krishna is best known as the eighth incarnation of Vishnu, one of the two great gods of Hinduism, but the process by which the legend of Krishna was created is extremely complicated, and it is nearly impossible to discuss it systematically. In the Mahabharata, especially the Bhagavad Gita, he is an ally of the Pandava army, and as the charioteer of Prince Arjuna, he sometimes encouraged him, and sometimes gave him cunning strategies, leading the prince to victory in battle. This Krishna is thought to be a historical figure, a hero of the Vrishni people, an ancient nomadic tribe, who preached practical theism, and was deified after his death and is thought to have become an incarnation of Vishnu. Separately, in the Puranas, he is described as having been born in the vicinity of Madurai under the name of Birthdayeva, and as a prodigy from an early age who performed various miracles, defeated the evil king, and saved the people. He was also a man of great beauty, loved by women, and aroused the love of the cowgirls by playing the flute in the evening. The lyric poem of his religiously elevated sensual love with his beloved cowgirl Radha is beautifully sung in the Gita Govinda (Song of the Cowherd) by the 12th century Bengali poet Jayadeva. [Hara Minoru] "Indian Mythology by Katsuhiko Uemura (1981, Tokyo Shoseki)" Vijayanagar Empire (14th century) Bronze Height: 67.5cm Tamil Nadu, India Collection of the Art Institute of Chicago Krishna Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
もと「黒」を意味する形容詞で、ヒンドゥー教の二大神の一つ、ビシュヌの第8番目の化身として、もっともよく知られているが、クリシュナ伝説の成立過程はきわめて複雑で、これを体系的に論ずることは不可能に近い。『マハーバーラタ』、なかでも『バガバッド・ギーター』において、彼はパーンダバ軍に味方し、アルジュナ王子の御者として、ときには励まし、ときには奸策(かんさく)を与えて王子を戦勝に導いた。このクリシュナは、歴史的人物と思われ、古く遊牧に従事していた部族の一つであるブリシュニ人の英雄で、実践的な有神論を説いていたものが、死後神格化されて、ビシュヌの化身となったものと思われる。 これとは別に「プラーナ文献」において、彼はマドゥライ周辺にバースデーバの名で生を受け、幼時より怪童としてさまざまな奇蹟(きせき)を行い、悪王を誅(ちゅう)して人民を救った英雄として描かれる。また美貌(びぼう)の主で、婦人たちにこよなく愛され、夕べに横笛を奏じては牧女たちの恋情をかき立てた。彼の最愛の牧女ラーダーとの宗教的に高められた官能的な愛の叙情詩は、12世紀ベンガルの詩人ジャヤデーバの『ギータ・ゴービンダ』(牛飼いの歌)に美しく歌われている。 [原 實] 『上村勝彦著『インド神話』(1981・東京書籍)』 ビジャヤナガル王国(14世紀) 青銅 高さ67.5cm インド タミル・ナド州シカゴ美術研究所所蔵"> クリシュナ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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