Tsukiyo - Sakayaki

Japanese: 月代 - さかやき
Tsukiyo - Sakayaki

A type of hair styling method for men during the feudal era. It was invented to prevent overheating due to steaming of the hair, and involves shaving the hair from the forehead to the 100-point (centre of the head). At first, it was shaped like a half moon, with a middle shave. Originally, both nobles and samurai wore crowns and eboshi hats in their daily lives, but as wars continued, and their heads became steamy when wearing armour, they left a gap at the 100-point, and returned to their original shape as soon as the battle ended. However, in the Muromachi period, when wars continued for long periods, such as the Onin War, it became commonplace, and before we knew it, it became customary to leave a gap at the 100-point even after the wars had ended. At first, it was a small gap, but it gradually grew larger.

The Tsukiyo was not shaved with a razor, but rather plucked out with tweezers until the Tensho period (1573-1592). In other words, the spread of the Tsukiyo increased the trend of shaving, and in the Edo period, various topknot styles were born. However, in the Meiji period, the haircut edict of 1871 (Meiji 4) caused the custom of the Tsukiyo to fall out of use.

[Takeshi Endo]

[Reference] | Hairstyle

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

封建社会時代に行われた男子の髪結い法の一種。頭髪の蒸れによって、のぼせるのを防ぐために編み出されたもので、頭髪を額から百会(ひゃくえ)(頭の中央部)にかけて剃(そ)り上げることである。最初は半月のような形をしていて、中剃り的なものであった。元来、公家(くげ)、武家ともに日常生活で頭に冠(かんむり)や烏帽子(えぼし)を着用したが、戦乱が続くようになって、甲冑(かっちゅう)姿で頭が蒸れるところから、百会に月代をあけ、戦いが終わると同時にもとに戻していた。しかし、室町時代に入って応仁(おうにん)の乱など戦いが長く続くようになってからは日常化し、それがいつとはなく、戦乱が終わったのちでも、月代をあけておくのが習わしとなった。それも最初は小さな月代であったのが、だんだんと大きくなっていった。

 月代は剃刀(かみそり)で剃(そ)るのではなく、天正(てんしょう)年代(1573~92)まで毛抜きを用いて頭髪を抜いたのである。つまり月代の拡大化は、露頂の風潮を増長し、江戸時代に入って、さまざまの髷(まげ)形を生んだ。しかし明治に入って、1871年(明治4)の散髪令により、月代の風習は廃れていった。

[遠藤 武]

[参照項目] | 髪形

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