A city in southern England, United Kingdom. A unitary authority. It was separated from Hampshire County in 1997 to become a unitary authority. It is a port city on the English Channel, about 120 km southwest of London, located on a peninsula between the River Test and the River Itchen at the innermost part of the Southampton Navigation, an inlet. It began as a settlement built on the east bank of the River Itchen during the Roman period, and developed as a port town throughout the Anglo-Saxon period. It obtained its first royal charter around 1154-55, and prospered as a shipping port for wool and wine during the Middle Ages. In 1620, the Mayflower, carrying the Pilgrim Fathers, set sail from here for the New World. It is a natural harbor protected from the open sea by the Isle of Wight, and after the Royal Pier was completed in 1831 and the railway was connected to London in 1840, it began to develop as a modern port, becoming one of the major ports. It is especially important as a passenger port, and in terms of passenger numbers handled, Dover takes the lead. However, while Dover is mainly used for cross-Channel ferries, Southampton is busier, with the world's largest luxury cruise ships coming in and out. In addition to port-related industries such as shipbuilding and repair, construction, stevedoring, and the manufacture of machinery and equipment for ships and harbors, various industries such as aircraft, automobiles, electrical equipment, and petrochemicals are also carried out. Foley, on the southwest bank of the Southampton Navigation, is home to one of the UK's largest oil refineries, with crude oil from the North Sea oil fields being the main import and petroleum products being the main export. Although it was heavily damaged by air raids during World War II, old buildings, including a 12th century house called King John's Palace, have been preserved. It is home to the University of Southampton (1862). Area 49 km2 . Population 222,000 (2005 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリス,イングランド南部の都市。単一自治体(ユニタリー unitary authority)。1997年にハンプシャー県から分離して単一自治体となった。ロンドンの南西約 120km,イギリス海峡沿岸の港湾都市で,入江であるサウサンプトン水路の最奥部,テスト川とイッチェン川に挟まれた半島にある。ローマ時代にイッチェン川東岸に建設された集落に始まり,アングロ・サクソン時代を通じて港町として発展。1154~55年頃最初の勅許状を得て,中世には羊毛とワインの積出港として繁栄。1620年ピルグリム・ファーザーズを乗せた『メイフラワー』号はここから新大陸に向かって出帆した。ワイト島によって外洋から守られた天然の良港で,1831年ロイヤル埠頭が完成し,1840年ロンドンと鉄道で結ばれてから近代的港湾としての発展が始まり,主要港の一つとなった。特に旅客港として重要で,取り扱い旅客数ではドーバーに首位を譲るが,ドーバー港がもっぱら海峡横断フェリー用の港であるのに対し,サウサンプトン港へは世界最大級の豪華客船なども出入りし,にぎわう。造船・船舶修理,建設,港湾荷役,船舶港湾用機械設備製造など港湾関係の産業のほか,航空機,自動車,電機,石油化学など各種工業が行なわれる。サウサンプトン水路南西岸のフォーリーにはイギリス最大級の製油所が立地し,北海油田の原油が主要移入品,石油製品が主要移出品となっている。第2次世界大戦時に空襲により大きな被害を受けたが,ジョン王の宮殿と呼ばれる 12世紀の住宅をはじめとする古い建築物が保存されている。サウサンプトン大学(1862)がある。面積 49km2。人口 22万2000(2005推計)。
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