Accounting aimed at financial reporting to a company's external stakeholders. Corporate accounting can be broadly divided into financial accounting and management accounting. The former deals with financial reporting to a company's external stakeholders, while the latter provides information for internal management to make decisions according to their needs, with the difference being the focus. Therefore, financial accounting is also called external reporting accounting, and the means used is accounting reports called financial statements. The main groups (stakeholders) who use such information for external disclosure include typical users (fund providers) such as creditors and shareholders, but also a wide range of users, such as consumers and local residents, due to the increasing social nature of companies. Information is also used by governments for taxation purposes. Because accounting is such a means of communicating corporate information to many stakeholders, it can sometimes be taken advantage of by managers themselves, who manipulate information to make their company's situation look better, a practice known as window dressing. This use is considered misuse of information, so to prevent this from happening, it is essential to set stricter accounting standards, ensure the accuracy of information through audits, and ensure compliance by companies themselves (compliance with laws and regulations). This is because building a trustworthy accounting system is a prerequisite for more effective and optimal allocation of funds. Japan's accounting systems related to this are known as the triangular system, as there are three systems: Financial Instruments and Exchange Act accounting, Companies Act accounting, and tax accounting. [Noriyuki Chikada] "Financial Accounting Theory, by Toshio Iino, 3rd Edition (1993, Dobunkan Publishing) " "Standard Textbook Financial Accounting Theory 1: Basic Issues, edited by Nobuhiko Sato, Teruyuki Kawasaki, Shinya Saito, Kenji Shiba, Norio Takasu, and Toshifumi Matsumoto, 3rd Edition (2009, Chuo Keizaisha)" [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
企業の外部利害関係者に対する財務報告を目的とした会計。企業会計は、大きく財務会計と管理会計に分けることができる。企業の外部利害関係者に対する財務報告を扱う会計が前者で、企業内部の経営者等のニーズに従って意思決定を行うための情報を提供する会計が後者であり、その重点に相違がある。よって、財務会計は外部報告会計ともよばれ、その手段として用いられるのが財務諸表とよばれる会計報告書である。 このような外部公表用の情報を利用する主たるグループ(利害関係者)には、債権者や株主などの典型的な利用者(資金提供者)のほか、企業の社会性の高まりから消費者や地域住民等広域にわたる。また、課税目的で政府等も利用する。 このような多くの企業の利害関係者に対する企業情報の伝達手段ゆえ、それを逆手にとって、経営者自らが情報の操作をして自社の状況をよくみせようとする、いわゆる粉飾決算が行われることがある。この利用の側面は情報の悪用にあたるのだが、そのようなことが生じないように会計基準のより厳格な設定と監査による情報の適正性の確保、企業自身のコンプライアンス(法令遵守)が不可欠となる。信頼される会計制度の構築がより有効な資金の最適配分のための前提となるからである。 これに係る日本の会計制度としては、金融商品取引法会計、会社法会計、税務会計の三つがあることから、トライアングル体制とよばれる。 [近田典行] 『飯野利夫著『財務会計論』3訂版(1993・同文舘出版)』▽『佐藤信彦・河崎照行・齋藤真哉・柴健次・高須教夫・松本敏史編著『スタンダードテキスト 財務会計論1 基本論点編』第3版(2009・中央経済社)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
Psychologist. Born in Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture....
…A system (automatic machine) in which a large nu...
〘noun〙 Originally, it was a backup palace set up i...
...A river terrace called the Kawashima Plateau d...
…〈金〉[ki]. (4) Liquid (see Figure 5) (a) For the l...
Also known as physiological saline solution. Beca...
…According to this, most of the Japanese archipel...
An early Christian apostle. His Greek name Andreas...
A type of mochi confectionery. It is a flat, oval...
…It is also spelled Samarqand. It was known to th...
...There is a wooden staircase at the edge of the...
An independent organization that regularly holds s...
A book on the samurai traditions of the Muromachi ...
→Microwave diodes Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia...
Along with direct metaphors (simile), metaphors ar...