Shogoro Tsuboi

Japanese: 坪井正五郎 - つぼいしょうごろう
Shogoro Tsuboi

One of the founders of anthropology and archaeology in Japan. Born in Ryogoku, Edo. His father was Shinryo (1825-1904), the adopted son of the Dutch doctor Tsuboi Shindo, and his mother was Shindo's daughter Makiko. In 1884 (Meiji 17), while studying at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, he founded the "Jinruigaku no Tomo" (Friends of Humanities) with his classmates, and in 1886 published "Anthropological Report" and changed the name of the society to "Tokyo Anthropological Society." This is now the Japanese Society of Anthropology and "Anthropological Journal." He studied in England and France from 1889, and upon returning to Japan in 1892, he was appointed professor at the University of Tokyo's Faculty of Science, and in 1893 he took charge of the newly established anthropology course. He conducted a wide range of research in anthropology, archaeology, and folklore, and published over 1,100 papers, but is particularly known for his discovery and report of Yayoi pottery at the Mukogaoka shell mound in Yayoi-cho, Hongo, Tokyo, his excavation of the Ashikaga burial mound in Tochigi Prefecture, which paved the way for research into ancient tombs, and his argument against the Ainu theory that indigenous peoples of Japan are the Koropokkuru (Koropokkuru) of Ainu legend. He is also known for his efforts to popularize this field through his simple writing and numerous lectures. He died in 1913 while attending an international conference in St. Petersburg, Russia.

[Keiji Imamura November 19, 2018]

[References] | Koropokkuru | Nobumichi Tsuboi | Yayoi-cho Shell Mound

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

日本の人類学・考古学創始者の一人。江戸・両国に生まれる。父は蘭医(らんい)坪井信道(しんどう)の養子信良(しんりょう)(1825―1904)、母は信道の娘万喜子(まきこ)。1884年(明治17)東京大学理学部生物学科に在学中、学友とともに「じんるいがくのとも」を創立し、1886年『人類学報告』を刊行すると同時に会の名称を「東京人類学会」とした。現在の日本人類学会、『人類学雑誌』である。1889年からイギリス、フランスに留学し、1892年帰国とともに理科大学(現、東京大学理学部)教授に任命され、翌1893年から新たに設けられた人類学講座を担当した。人類学、考古学、土俗学にわたって幅広い研究を行い、1100余編の論文を発表したが、なかでも東京都本郷弥生(やよい)町の向ヶ岡(むこうがおか)貝塚における弥生土器の発見と報告、栃木県足利(あしかが)古墳の発掘で古墳研究の端緒を開いたこと、日本先住民はアイヌの伝説に残るコロボックル(コロポックル)であるとしてアイヌ説に対する論陣を張ったことは有名。平易な文章と多数の講演を通して斯学(しがく)の普及に努めたことでも知られる。大正2年、ロシアのペテルブルグで開かれた国際学会出席中に客死した。

[今村啓爾 2018年11月19日]

[参照項目] | コロポックル | 坪井信道 | 弥生町貝塚

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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