Also called a siphon. A device in which a long curved pipe is inverted and liquid taken in through the shorter opening flows out of the other end by using a pressure difference (see diagram). The name comes from the Greek word siphōn (meaning pipe). The curved pipe is filled with water and the shorter opening is immersed in the liquid at the top. For this to work, the liquid must fill the pipe and flow continuously, so there is a limit to the maximum height h measured from the liquid level at the top. In other words, if ρg h is greater than the pressure p on the liquid surface when the density of the liquid is ρ and the acceleration of gravity is g, a vacuum will be created at the highest point and the siphon will not work. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
サイホンともいう。一端が長い曲管を倒立し,圧力差を利用して,短いほうの口からとり入れた液体を他端から流出させる装置(図)。ギリシア語のsiphōn(管の意)に由来する。曲管内に水を満たし,短いほうの口を上部の液面の中に浸して用いるが,これが作動するためには液体が管内を満たしてとぎれることのないようにしなければならないので,上部の液面から測った最高所の高さhには限界がある。すなわち液体の密度をρ,重力の加速度をgとするとき,ρghが液面にかかる圧力pより大きい場合は最高所に真空ができてしまうのでサイフォンは働かない。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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