Indian National Army

Japanese: インド国民軍 - インドこくみんぐん（英語表記）Indian National Army

An army organized during World War II with the aim of liberating India by force. During the war, Britain incorporated India into its own war machine without asking the Indian people's wishes. In response, M. Gandhi, J. Nehru and other members of the Indian National Congress took a non-cooperative stance with Britain, but left-wing leaders such as SC Bose sought Indian independence by relying on Japanese military force. Meanwhile, Japan placed the Indian independence movement at the center of its anti-Indian operations, and on June 15, 1942, it held the Indian Independence Conference in Bangkok, gathering Indian representatives from the Japanese-occupied territories. The Indian National Army was formed with Indian soldiers who had surrendered to the Japanese army at its core. When Bose arrived in Singapore from his exile in Germany in 1943, the initiative in the independence movement was handed over to Bose, and on October 21, the "Provisional Government of Free India" was established with Bose as its chairman. As the supreme commander of the Indian National Army, Bose also devoted himself to strengthening it, and participated in the Japanese army's Battle of Imphal in March 1944, but the Indian National Army was almost completely annihilated by April 1945. After the war, the British court-martialed only three of the army's top officers, and sentenced them to life imprisonment for treason against the British King. However, as riots spread due to the indignation of the people, the three were released on January 3, 1946.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

第2次世界大戦中，インドの武力解放を目指して組織された軍隊。同大戦で，イギリスはインド人民の意志を問うことなく，インドをみずからの戦争体制に組込んだ。これに対しインド国民会議派のうち，M.ガンジー，J.ネルーなどは対英非協力の態度をとったが，左派領袖 S.C.ボースなどは，日本の武力に頼りインド独立をはかった。一方，日本は対印工作の中心にこうしたインドの独立運動をおき，1942年6月 15日バンコクに日本占領地域内のインド人代表を集めてインド独立大会を開催。日本軍に投降した英印軍のインド人将兵を中核に，インド国民軍を結成。 43年ボースが亡命先のドイツからシンガポールに着くと，独立運動の主導権はボースに譲られ，10月 21日ボースを主席とする「自由インド仮政府」が樹立された。ボースはまた国民軍の最高司令官としてその強化に力を注ぎ，44年3月日本軍のインパール作戦に参加したが，国民軍は 45年4月までにほとんど壊滅状態となった。戦後イギリスは同軍の最高幹部3人だけを軍法会議に付し，イギリス国王に対する反逆の罪で終身刑の判決を下したが，民衆の激高で暴動状態が広がったため，46年1月3日に3人を釈放した。

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