A general term for machinery used to dig up coal. Machines that drill, cut, break up, and peel off coal seams at the coal face. Traditionally, small machines that can be held by hand include auger drills, coal picks, and coal cutters, and are powered by compressed air or electricity. In addition to these, a major feature in recent years has been the spread of large machines that are used on long coal faces. These include hovels and shearers (drum cutters), which combine chain-type coal cutters with loaders and conveyor equipment to simultaneously cut and load coal, and have revolutionized the way coal is mined. Coal mining machines used in open-cut mines, which are common overseas, are almost identical to civil engineering machines. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
石炭を掘取るための機械の総称。切羽 (きりは) において炭層の穿孔,切断,突きくずし,剥離などを行う機械。従来の手で保持できる小型のものに,オーガドリル,コールピック,コールカッタなどがあり,圧縮空気,電気を動力としている。これらのほかに,長い切羽面で活躍する大型の機械が普及したのが近年の大きな特色である。チェーン式コールカッタに積込み機,コンベヤ設備を組合せて,切削と積込みが同時にできるホーベルやシェアラ (ドラムカッタ) などがあり,採炭形式を一新させている。外国に多い露天掘りにおける採炭機は,土木機械とほとんど異ならない。
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