Świętochowski, Aleksander

Japanese: シフィエントホフスキ（英語表記）Świętochowski, Aleksander

Born: January 18, 1849. Stoczek
Died: April 25, 1938. Gołoczna. Polish intellectual and historian. Leading theorist of Polish positivism and the "organic labor" movement. Studied history at the Warsaw Central School and philosophy at the University of Leipzig. Began his critical career in 1867, and served as editor-in-chief of many newspapers and magazines, criticizing the conservatism of the older generation. He advocated anti-clericalism, the spread of natural science education, the improvement of living conditions for peasants and workers, the assimilation of Jews, equal rights, and women's liberation, and had a great influence on intellectuals of his time. During the Russian Revolution of 1905, he formed the "Democratic Progressive League," an intellectual political party, and demanded autonomy for the Kingdom of the Congress (Kingdom of Poland). After that, in addition to his critical work, he engaged in educating peasants, and wrote Historia chłopów polskich w zarysie (Outline of the History of the Polish Peasantry) (1925-28).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1849.1.18. ストチェク
[没]1938.4.25. ゴウォチズナ
ポーランドの言論活動家，歴史家。ポーランド実証主義，「有機的労働」運動の指導的理論家。ワルシャワ中央学校で歴史，ライプチヒ大学で哲学を学ぶ。1867年から評論活動を開始，多くの新聞，雑誌の主筆を務め，旧世代の保守主義を批判。反教権主義，自然科学教育の普及，農民，労働者の生活条件の改善，ユダヤ人の同化，同権，婦人解放などを唱えて同時代の知識人に大きな感化を及ぼした。1905年のロシア革命に際しては知識人の政党「民主進歩同盟」を結成，会議王国（ポーランド王国）の自治を要求。以後評論活動のかたわら農民啓蒙活動に従事し，『ポーランド農民史概説』Historia chłopów polskich w zarysie（1925～28）を著した。

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