A mechanical element (part) that suppresses excessive impact forces that occur during a collision. In most cases, it converts the kinetic energy of the colliding object into thermal energy and absorbs it within a short period of time. Shock absorbers stop motion in one stroke or limit the maximum displacement or speed during the stroke. Shock absorbers include (1) spring shock absorbers that use only springs such as metal springs or air springs, (2) friction shock absorbers that consist of wedges, springs, and friction surface elements, (3) rubber shock absorbers that use the elasticity of rubber, and (4) spring-hydraulic shock absorbers that combine the resistance of fluid with spring action. (→ Hydraulic dampers) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
衝突時に生じる過大な衝撃力を押える機械要素 (部品) で,衝突物体のもっている運動エネルギーを多くの場合熱エネルギーの形に変換して短時間内に吸収する。緩衝器は,運動を1行程で停止させたり,行程中の最大変位や速度を抑制したりする。緩衝器には,(1) 金属ばねや空気ばねなどのばね類のみを用いるばね緩衝器,(2) 楔,ばね,および摩擦面の要素から成る摩擦緩衝器,(3) ゴムの弾性を利用したゴム緩衝器,(4) 流体の抵抗とばね作用を併用したばね油圧緩衝器,などがある。 (→油圧ダンパ )
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