A typical example is when a liquid heated above its boiling point does not turn into a gas but remains in the liquid (low-temperature phase). Such a superheated liquid can be obtained by heating the liquid very slowly while keeping it still. The superheated state occurs because the low-temperature phase remains in a metastable state (not the most stable thermodynamically, but stable against minute fluctuations) even when the temperature exceeds the transition temperature. Even in the case of a superheated liquid, if it is subjected to a relatively large external shock, the metastable state can be destroyed and it can boil explosively (bumping). *Some of the terminology that refers to "superheated liquid" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…沸点より高い温度に熱せられた液体が気体にならず液体(低温相)のままでいる状態は,その代表的な例である。このような過熱液体は,液体を静かに保ったまま非常にゆっくりと加熱することによって得ることができる。過熱状態は,転移温度より高温になっても低温相が準安定状態(熱力学的に最も安定というわけではないが,微小なゆらぎに対しては安定な状態)にとどまっているために起こり,過熱液体の場合も,外からある程度大きな衝撃を与えたりすると準安定状態がくずれて,爆発的に沸騰(突沸)することがある。… ※「過熱液体」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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