Pledge of claims - Forderungspfandrecht

Japanese: 債権質 - さいけんしち（英語表記）Forderungspfandrecht

A pledge established on a claim. A type of pledge of rights. It is different from movable property and real estate pledges in many respects, such as the fact that it is a relationship established on an intangible right and does not have a retention function except in special cases. It can be established on any transferable claim, and generally, if there is a claim certificate, the certificate must be delivered (Civil Code 363), but if there is no claim certificate, it can be established by contract alone. The requirements for opposition vary depending on the type of claim, such as a named claim pledge or a command claim pledge (Articles 364-366). Note that pledges established on bearer claims, which are considered movable property, are treated the same as pledges of movable property. In addition, a special law has been enacted for pledges on telephone subscriber rights (Temporary Special Act on Pledges of Telephone Subscriber Rights). Pledges of claims are often used for fixed-term deposit claims and claims for non-life insurance, the former for bank transactions, and the latter for mortgagees to protect their subrogation rights over the mortgaged property.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

債権のうえに成立する質権。権利質の一種。無体の権利の上に設定される関係で，特別な場合を除いて留置的機能をもたないなど，多くの点で動産や不動産質と異なる。譲渡可能なあらゆる債権に設定でき，一般には債権証書がある場合は証書の交付が設定の要件であるが (民法 363) ，債権証書がない場合は契約だけで設定できる。対抗要件は，指名債権質，指図債権質など債権の種類によって異なる (364～366条) 。なお，債権のうちでも動産とみなされる無記名債権のうえに成立する質権は，動産質と同じ取扱いを受ける。また，電話加入権のうえの質権については特別法が制定されている (電話加入権質に関する臨時特例法) 。債権質は，定期預金債権や損害保険金請求権などについてしばしば利用され，前者は銀行取引で，後者は抵当権者が抵当目的物に対する物上代位の権利を保全するために用いられるものである。

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