Kerosene - Touyu (English spelling)

Japanese: 灯油 - とうゆ(英語表記)kerosene
Kerosene - Touyu (English spelling)

A fraction between naphtha and diesel produced by atmospheric distillation of crude oil, with a specific gravity of 0.76-0.82 and a boiling point of 150-270°C. It was so named because it was used mainly for lighting in the past. It is also called kerosene. Kerosene is divided into two types, No. 1 and No. 2, according to the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). No. 1 is the so-called white kerosene, and is used for lighting, heating, and cooking fuel. It is a colorless oil, and is made by reducing the sulfur content of the kerosene fraction separated by atmospheric distillation of crude oil to 0.0080% or less through hydrodesulfurization. No. 2 is the so-called brown kerosene, and is used as fuel for petroleum engines, paint solvent, cleaning, etc. The sulfur content is set at 0.50% or less, so hydrodesulfurization is omitted and the kerosene fraction obtained by distillation of crude oil is used as is.

Kerosene is relatively safe, easy to handle, and inexpensive, so in Japan, demand for it has increased mainly as a fuel for home heating, such as for oil stoves. However, the kerosene fraction in crude oil is almost constant for each crude oil, so it is not possible to produce large quantities of kerosene alone. Kerosene production accounts for 12-13% of total petroleum products. In addition, the boiling point of jet fuel (aviation turbine fuel oil) overlaps with kerosene, so an increase in demand for jet fuel puts pressure on kerosene production.

[Namba Seitaro]

[Reference] | Jet fuel | Petroleum

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

原油の常圧蒸留におけるナフサと軽油の間の留分で、比重0.76~0.82、沸点150~270℃の油。以前はおもに灯火用に用いられたので、このようによばれている。ケロシンともいう。灯油はJIS(ジス)(日本工業規格)により1号と2号の2種類に分けられる。1号はいわゆる白灯油であり、灯火用および暖房・厨房(ちゅうぼう)用燃料に用いられる。原油の常圧蒸留により分け取った灯油留分を水素化脱硫処理により硫黄(いおう)分を0.0080%以下にしたものであり、無色の油である。2号はいわゆる茶灯油であり、石油発動機用燃料、塗料用溶剤、洗浄用などに用いられる。硫黄分は0.50%以下と定められているので水素化脱硫を省略し、原油の蒸留により得られる灯油留分をそのまま用いることもある。

 灯油は比較的安全で取扱いも容易であり、しかも安価であるため、日本においては家庭暖房用燃料として石油ストーブなどを中心に需要が増大してきたが、原油中の灯油留分は原油ごとにほぼ一定であるため、灯油だけを多量に生産することはできない。灯油の生産量は石油製品全体の12~13%である。また、ジェット燃料(航空タービン燃料油)の沸点は灯油と重複しているため、ジェット燃料の需要の増大は灯油の生産を圧迫する。

[難波征太郎]

[参照項目] | ジェット燃料 | 石油

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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