Konbaung Dynasty - Konbaung

Japanese: コンバウン朝 - こんばうんちょう(英語表記)Konbaung
Konbaung Dynasty - Konbaung

The last dynasty of Burma (1752-1885) was founded by King Alaungpaya (reigned 1752-60) from Shwebo (pronounced Konbaung) in Upper Burma. It is also called the Alaungpaya dynasty. The capital was later moved to Aba, Amarapura and Mandalay. In the early days of the dynasty, the Mon forces of Lower Burma and the Arakan Kingdom were defeated, and the foundation of the present-day Myanmar (Burma) was formed here. They also conquered Manipur in the west, and repelled the invasion of Ayutthaya in the east, and the Qing Dynasty's Qianlong Burmese expedition, but in the 19th century, they lost Arakan and Tenasserim (now Tanintharyi) in the First Anglo-Burmese War, and the whole of Lower Burma in the Second War. The ninth King, Mindon (reigned 1853-78), responded to this external pressure by implementing a new tax system, increasing tax revenue by reducing the authority of local feudal lords (thujis), strengthening the centralized system, and forcing through a policy of industrial development through the introduction of advanced Western technology. This brought about major changes in the structure of society, but the dynasty was destroyed in the Third Anglo-Burmese War in 1885. In the literary field, the rise of prose literature, particularly drama, allowed popular culture to take root and contributed to the formation of national consciousness. There was also a boom in the compilation of royal and local histories.

[Ito Toshikatsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

上ビルマ、シュエボー(雅名コンバウン)の地に拠(よ)るアラウンパヤー王(在位1752~60)が興したビルマ最後の王朝(1752~1885)。アラウンパヤー朝ともいう。都はその後、アバとアマラプーラおよびマンダレーへ移った。王朝初期、下ビルマのモン人勢力およびアラカン王国を撃滅し、ここに現ミャンマー(ビルマ)国土の基礎が形成された。また西のマニプルを征服し、東方アユタヤへの侵攻、さらに清(しん)の乾隆(けんりゅう)ビルマ遠征を撃退したが、19世紀に入ると第一次イギリス・ビルマ戦争によりアラカン、テナセリム(現タニンタリー)を、第二次の戦争では下ビルマ全域を失う。第9代のミンドン王(在位1853~78)はこうした外圧に対処すべく新税制を施行し、地方領主(トゥージー)の権限を削減することによる税収増大、中央集権体制強化を図り、西欧先進技術の導入による殖産興業策を強行した。これによって社会構成は大きく変化し始めたが、1885年の第三次イギリス・ビルマ戦争により王朝は滅亡した。文芸面においては、戯曲を中心とする散文文学の興隆によって大衆文化が根を張り、民族意識の形成に寄与した。また王統史や地方史の編纂(へんさん)も盛んであった。

[伊東利勝]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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