Nap

Japanese: ナップ

The abbreviation of the art movement group "All Japan Proletarian Art Federation" and "All Japan Council of Proletarian Art Organizations," and the name of their journal. It is based on the acronym NAPF, which stands for Nippona Artista Proleta Federacio in Esperanto. The All Japan Proletarian Art Federation was founded on March 25, 1928, by integrating the communist elements of the proletarian literature movement, which had been divided. It launched its journal "Senki," but in December of the same year it became a council of independent organizations such as the Writers' Union, the Theater Union, and the Artists' Union, and changed its name to the All Japan Council of Proletarian Art Organizations. It also launched a new journal, "NAP" (September 1930 to November 1931), and held hegemony over the proletarian movement in the early Showa period. When repression became severe in 1931, it was dissolved, and the movement was taken over by KOP. (→Japan Proletarian Writers' Union)

Nap
nappe

Also called a decke. A geological structure in which the covering layer slides along a nearly horizontal fault. Large nappes were recognized in the Western Alps in ancient times (1893). There are two possible causes of nappe formation: (1) the layer was strongly compressed, causing an overfold to tip over and become a recumbent fold, and the overturned wing was stretched, breaking and sliding along a nearly horizontal plane, and (2) the high uplifted part was no longer able to support itself under gravity, breaking along a gently sloping plane downward, and the upper part slid toward the lower part. The origin of the word nappe is the French word for table cloth.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

芸術運動団体「全日本無産者芸術連盟」「全日本無産者芸術団体協議会」の略称，およびその機関誌名。エスペラントの Nippona Artista Proleta Federacioの頭文字 NAPFによる。「全日本無産者芸術連盟」は，1928年3月 25日，分裂を続けてきたプロレタリア文学運動を統一するため共産主義的主張をもつ部分を統合して発足。機関誌『戦旗』を創刊したが，同年 12月作家同盟，演劇同盟，美術家同盟など独立した諸組織の協議体となり，全日本無産者芸術団体協議会と改称，機関誌には新たに『ナップ』 (1930.9.～31.11.) を創刊，昭和初期プロレタリア運動のヘゲモニーを握った。弾圧がきびしくなった 31年に解体，運動はコップに引継がれた。 (→日本プロレタリア作家同盟 ) 　

ナップ
nappe

デッケともいう。被覆層がほぼ水平の断層間に沿って，滑動している地質構造。大規模なナップは古く西アルプスで認められた (1893) 。ナップの成因として，(1) 地層が強く圧縮された結果，過褶曲が倒れて横臥褶曲となり，転倒した翼部が引伸ばされ，ほぼ水平の面で切れて滑動した，(2) 高く隆起した部分が重力に支えきれなくなって低いほうに緩傾斜した面で切れ，上に乗った部分が低部に向い滑動したという2つが考えられている。ナップの語源は，フランス語の食卓布。

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