The greatest poet of the Italian Renaissance. Famous for writing the masterpiece of chivalric literature, Orlando Mado. Born in early September in Reggio Emilia, where his father, Niccolò, a vassal of the House of Este, Duke of Ferrara, was stationed. He spent a peaceful childhood there, and when Ludovico was ten years old, his family settled in Ferrara. He followed his father's advice to study law, but he was not serious about it, and eventually decided that literature was his calling. He was taught Greek and Latin literature by the humanist Gregorio da Spoleto, and began to write poetry in Latin. The death of his father in 1500 put an end to his privileged youth. As the eldest of ten children, the responsibility of supporting the family fell on Ludovico's shoulders. In order to combine his literary interests with the demands of life, in 1501 he followed in his father's footsteps into the service of the Este family, governing the fortress of Canossa, and from 1504 worked for Cardinal Ippolito, brother of Alfonso, Grand Duke of Ferrara. At that time, under the tension of a three-way battle for supremacy in Italy between France, Spain (Holy Roman Empire), and the Papacy, powerful cities such as Florence, Milan, Ferrara, and Mantua were engaged in constant battles and disputes on the outside, while the High Renaissance court culture was in full bloom on the inside. Meanwhile, Ariosto, who served the Cardinal of the powerful House of Este of Ferrara, made important diplomatic missions to Mantua, Florence, Rome, and other cities, and suffered the bitter experience of incurring the wrath of Pope Julius II. In addition to his duties, he wrote two comedies to be performed at the court , La Cassaria (The Cassaria) and I Suppositi (The Double), and from 1504 he worked on the draft of Orlando Mado, a successor to the unfinished chivalric epic poem Orlando Amorosa by M. Boiardo. Boiardo was a man of letters who had served the Este family some 30 years earlier, and taking over the work that his predecessor had left unfinished was not merely Ariosto's literary ambition. If we look at the circumstances of the various cities and courts, where not only were they engaged in political struggles but also in competing to enrich their cultures, it was a task that the Ferrara Este family, a cultural entity and institution, had imposed on its vassal Ariosto. In other words, this can be positioned as a problem of the conflict between tradition, institutions, and individual artists within the mecenatism (cultural patronage) of the Renaissance. When Giovanni de' Medici, an old friend of Ariosto's, became Pope Leo X in 1513, Ariosto searched for a turning point and sought the possibility of receiving a salary in the priesthood, but to no avail. In 1516, he published the first edition of Orlando madus, a 40-song octave poem dedicated to Cardinal Ippolito. The following year, in 1517, the cardinal asked Ariosto to accompany him to his new post in Hungary, but Ariosto refused and was dismissed from his post. He then served under Archduke Alfonso. It was a time of disappointment and uncertainty, but it is said that this bitter experience prepared him for his maturity as an artist. The seven epistolary works Satire (1517-1525) convey the true image of the poet from this period. In 1522, he was reluctantly sent to the Garfagnana region, where he demonstrated his ability in governing the region during the political instability. Although Ariosto was not satisfied with his duties at the Este family, he performed his duties to the best of his ability under the constraint of providing for his family. He was constantly tormented by the dilemma of whether to enter the priesthood or to start a family, but in 1528 he secretly married his beloved Alessandra Benucci after her husband's death, and in his later years, in the peaceful life he finally achieved, he devoted himself to revising his life's epic poem, Orlando Furioso. In 1521 he published a second edition, and in 1532 he published an expanded and corrected edition consisting of 46 songs. He also worked on rewriting his old comedies and writing new ones. In this way, Ariosto's fame as a poet spread not only in Italy but also throughout Europe, and he passed away at the age of 58 in Ferrara on July 6, 1533. "In Dante the Middle Ages ended, and in Ludovico the Renaissance ended," says De Sanctis in his History of Italian Literature, where he positions Ariosto. Ferrara has the Ariosto Library. [Hiroto Koga] "Hideaki Kawashima's translation of "Orlando Madness (abridged translation)" (included in "Tatsuhiko Shibusawa Literary Museum 1: The Renaissance Box" 1993, Chikuma Shobo)" [References] | | |De Pastorini, 16th century, bronze, diameter 3.8 cm, owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art "> Ariosto Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア・ルネサンス期最大の詩人。騎士道文学の傑作『狂えるオルランド』を著したことで有名。9月初旬、フェッラーラ公国エステ家の家臣だった父ニコロの任地、レッジョ・ネレミリアで生まれる。同地で平穏な少年時代を送り、ルドビーコが10歳のとき、一家はフェッラーラに居を定める。父の勧めに従って法学の道に進んだものの、身が入らず、やがて文学を天職と定める。人文主義者グレゴリオ・ダ・スポレートからギリシア・ラテン文学の教えを受け、ラテン語による詩作に手を染める。1500年、父親の死が彼の恵まれた青少年時代に終止符を打った。10人兄弟の長子であったルドビーコの肩に、一家を扶養する責任がかかったからである。文学への関心と実人生の必要を両立させるために、彼は1501年、亡き父に倣ってエステ家に仕官し、カノッサの城砦(じょうさい)を治めた。1504年からは、フェッラーラ大公アルフォンソの弟、イッポーリト枢機卿(すうきけい)の身辺に仕えることになった。 当時は、イタリアの覇権をめぐるフランス、スペイン=神聖ローマ帝国、教皇庁三つどもえの緊張のもと、フィレンツェ、ミラノ、フェッラーラ、マントバなどの有力都市が、外では戦いと争いに明け暮れ、内に盛期ルネサンスの宮廷文化の花を咲かせていた時代であり、一方の雄フェッラーラ公国エステ家の枢機卿に仕えたアリオストは、重要な外交使節としてマントバ、フィレンツェ、ローマなどへたびたび赴き、教皇ユリウス2世の怒りを買うという苦汁もなめた。職務のかたわら、宮廷で演ぜられる2編の喜劇『箱騒動』La Cassaria、『替玉』I Suppositiを書き、1504年から、未完に終わったM・ボイアルド作の騎士道叙事詩『恋するオルランド』の後を継ぐ『狂えるオルランド』の草稿を練った。ボイアルドは、30年ほど前に彼自身がエステ家に仕えた文学者であり、この先輩の中断した仕事を受け継ぐことは、ひとりアリオストの文学的な野望にとどまらなかった。各都市、宮廷が政争のみならず互いの文化の充実を競い合っている事情をうかがうならば、それはフェッラーラ・エステ家という一つの文化的主体・制度が臣下のアリオストに課した宿題であった。言い換えればこれは、ルネサンス期におけるメチェナティズモ(文化庇護(ひご))、そのなかでの伝統、制度と芸術家個人の相克の問題として位置づけることができる。1513年、旧知のメディチ家のジョバンニがレオ10世として教皇の座につくと、アリオストは転機を求めて聖職に禄(ろく)を得る可能性を探ったが、むなしかった。1516年、イッポーリト枢機卿に献ずる形で八行韻詩、40歌からなる『狂えるオルランド』初版を刊行。翌1517年、枢機卿から、新たな任地ハンガリーへの同行を求められたが、アリオストはこれを断って職を解かれ、ついでアルフォンソ大公のもとに仕えた。失意と迷いの時期であったが、その苦い経験はやがて芸術家としての成熟を準備したといわれる。この時期の詩人の実像を伝える作品として、7編の書簡体による『風刺詩』Satire(1517~1525)がある。 1522年、心ならずも、ガルファニャーナ地方に赴任し、政情の不安な同地の治政に手腕を振るった。エステ家での職務は得心のゆくものではなかったが、一家を養うという制約のもとでアリオストは懸命にその義務を果たしたのである。聖職につくか家庭をもつかというディレンマに彼は終始悩まされたが、愛した婦人アレッサンドラ・ベヌッチと、その夫の死後、1528年にひそかに結婚し、晩年にはようやくかなえられた平穏な生活のなかで、畢生(ひっせい)の叙事詩『狂えるオルランド』の推敲(すいこう)に打ち込んだ。1521年に第2版を、1532年に46歌からなる増補・訂正版を世に送り、また旧作の喜劇の書き直しと新作の執筆に励んだ。こうして詩人としての名声がイタリアのみにとどまらずヨーロッパに広がったさなかの1533年7月6日、フェッラーラで58年の生涯を閉じた。「ダンテのなかに中世は終わり、ルドビーコのなかでルネサンスが終わった」とデ・サンクティスは『イタリア文学史』においてアリオストを位置づけている。フェッラーラにはアリオスト図書館がある。 [古賀弘人] 『河島英昭訳『オルランド狂乱(抄訳)』(『澁澤龍彦文学館 1 ルネサンスの箱』1993・筑摩書房・所収)』 [参照項目] | | |デパストリーニ作 16世紀 青銅 直径3.8cmメトロポリタン美術館所蔵"> アリオスト 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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