Waltham-type factory

Japanese: ウォルサム型工場 - うぉるさむがたこうじょう
Waltham-type factory

...A city in eastern Massachusetts, USA, 15 km west of Boston. Population 58,000 (1990). Known for the American Waltham Watch Company, founded in 1854, Waltham was originally a cotton manufacturing city. The industrialization of America, like that of Great Britain, the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, began with the textile industry, and in 1813 the Boston Industrial Company built its first cotton mill in Waltham, where the entire process of spinning, weaving, and finishing was carried out. This system was the first of its kind in the world, and it later spread throughout New England as the "Waltham-type" factory.

From the Industrial Revolution


[Changes in the theory of the Industrial Revolution]
The term "industrial revolution" itself was used by K. Marx and A. de Tocqueville of France, but it was established as a strict academic term in the 1880s by A. Toynbee, a British social reformer. While teaching at Cambridge, Toynbee was active in improving slums in the East End of London, and his name is still preserved in Toynbee Hall. For him, the "industrial revolution" meant the sudden and great transformation from a rural society to a capitalist industrial society in the second half of the 18th century, that is, from the accession of George III to the throne to the first half of the 19th century, that is, the mechanization and motorization of production activities, the spread of the factory system, the resulting establishment of industrial cities, and the rise of a class of industrial capitalists and factory workers.

From Lowell

…The mill built in Waltham was equipped with power looms restored based on his memories, and the spinning and weaving processes were integrated to increase efficiency. In addition, a disciplined dormitory system was established to maintain the dignity of the female workers. This type of factory system is often contrasted with the factory system following S. Slater, who is known for introducing the water-powered spinning machine, and is known as the Waltham-type factory. [Kobayashi Kesajiro] …

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "Waltham-type factories" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…アメリカ合衆国マサチューセッツ州東部,ボストンの西15kmにある都市。人口5万8000(1990)。1854年に設立されたアメリカン・ウォルサム時計会社によって知られるが,もとは木綿工業の都市であった。アメリカの工業化は,産業革命の母国イギリスと同様,繊維産業から開始され,1813年〈ボストン工業会社〉は最初の木綿工場をウォルサムに建設,ここでは紡績,織布,仕上げの全工程が一貫しておこなわれた。この方式は世界でも最初で,以後〈ウォルサム型〉工場としてニューイングランド各地にひろまっていった。…

【産業革命】より


【産業革命論の変遷】
 〈産業革命〉という言葉そのものは,K.マルクスやフランスのA.deトックビルらによっても用いられたが,厳密な学術用語としては,1880年代になってイギリスの社会改良家A.トインビーによって確立させられた。トインビーは,ケンブリッジで教鞭をとるかたわら,ロンドンのイースト・エンドなどのスラム改良に活躍した人物で,今もトインビー・ホールにその名をとどめている。彼にとって〈産業革命〉とは,18世紀後半,つまりジョージ3世登位以降,19世紀前半までのイギリスが,生産活動の機械化・動力化,工場制の普及,その結果としての工業都市の成立,産業資本家層と工場労働者の階層の勃興など,農村社会から資本主義的工業社会へ〈急激に〉大転換を遂げたことを意味した。…

【ローエル】より

…ウォルサムに建設された工場では,彼の記憶をもとに復元された力織機が設置され,効率を高めるため紡績と織布の両工程が統合されたほか,規律正しい寄宿舎制度によって女工の品位を保つよう配慮がなされていた。なお,この種の工場制度は,水力紡績機の導入で知られるS.スレーターの流れをくむ工場制度としばしば対比され,ウォルサム型工場として知られる。【小林 袈裟治】。…

※「ウォルサム型工場」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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