Emperor Gomizuno - The Emperor of Gomizu

Japanese: 後水尾天皇 - ごみずのおてんのう

Year of death: August 19, 1680 (September 12, 1680)
Year of birth: June 29, 1596
An emperor in the early Edo period. The third son of Emperor Goyozei and third prince. His mother was Maeko (Chūwamon'in), the daughter of the chancellor Konoe Sakihisa. His given name was Masahito. He was proclaimed prince on December 21, 1600 (Keicho 5), ascended to the throne on March 27, 1616, and ascended to the throne on April 12 of the same year. On June 18, 1620 (Genna 6), he welcomed Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada's daughter Kazuko as his consort, and with the birth of the First Princess in November of the same year, he had three daughters and two sons by 1629 (Kan'ei 6). On November 8 of the same year, he suddenly abdicated the throne to the First Princess, Princess Okiko (Emperor Meisho). Abdicating the throne to an empress would have ended the lineage in one generation, so it was a severe blow to the Tokugawa shogunate, which had been plotting to abdicate to a prince born to the consort. The reasons for his abdication include the Emperor's moxibustion treatment of tumors, the intervention of samurai in the Imperial Court, the Purple Robe Incident (1627-29), resentment over Kasuga no Tsubone's visit to the Imperial Court, and the fact that children other than those born to consorts were murdered until the Tokugawa's grandson ascended to the throne. The Emperor's reign was a transitional period in the establishment of the shogunate system, and the shogunate, which aimed to establish a new relationship between the Imperial Court and the Shogunate that would include the Imperial Court, enacted the "Kinchu Nami Kuge Shohatto" in 16nawa and strengthened its control over the Imperial Court through the Sekke and samurai denso. It is thought that by abdicating, he aimed to establish a new order in the Imperial Court from the perspective of the retired Emperor. After abdicating, he remained in the Imperial Court for 52 years. Amid the momentum for a literary revival centered on the Imperial Court, he hosted academic lectures by close aristocrats and Zen monks, as well as waka poetry, Kanwa-renku, and Tachibana societies. In the study of waka poetry, he studied under Prince Tomohito, Sanjonishi Sanejyo, Karasuma Mitsuhiro, and Nakain Michimura, and in 1620 he was instructed in the Kokinshu by Prince Tomohito. Later, as the highest leader of the court waka circle, he held practice sessions and classical lectures, and taught the Kokinshu to successive princes and nobles, establishing the court waka circle through transmission at the Imperial Palace. He is the author of the waka collection "Osushu." He showed a strong desire to revive court culture and court ceremonies, and wrote "Annual Events at That Time." He also converted to Buddhism, and was particularly devoted to the Zen sect's Ichito Bunshu, and became a monk in 1651 (Keian 4). His posthumous name was Enjo. He was buried in Tsukinowa Mausoleum at Sennyuji Temple in Kyoto. Shugakuin Imperial Villa was built by Gomizunoo. <References> Kumakura Isao, "Gomizunoo-in," and "Research on Kan'ei Culture" by the same Kumakura, and Tsuji Tatsuya et al. (eds.), "Early Modern Japan 2: Emperors and Shoguns"

(Mother Miwa)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：延宝8.8.19(1680.9.12)
生年：慶長1.6.4(1596.6.29)
江戸前期の天皇。後陽成天皇第3皇子,三宮。母は関白近衛前久の娘前子(中和門院)。諱は政仁。慶長5(1600)年12月21日親王宣下,16年3月27日践祚,同年4月12日即位。元和6(1620)年6月18日,将軍徳川秀忠の娘和子を女御として迎え,同9年11月の女一宮誕生をはじめ寛永6(1629)年までに3皇女,2皇子をもうけた。同年11月8日突然に女一宮興子内親王(明正天皇)へ譲位。女帝への譲位は一代でその血統が絶えるため,女御所生の皇子への譲位をもくろむ徳川幕府には手痛い打撃であった。譲位の原因は,天皇の腫物灸治,朝廷への武家介入や紫衣事件(1627～29),春日局参内に対する憤懣のほか,徳川氏の孫が即位するまで女御所生の子以外がおし殺されていたことも原因とする見方もある。天皇の在位期は幕府体制確立の過渡期にあり,朝廷を包摂した新たな朝幕関係確立を目指す幕府は,元和1年「禁中並公家諸法度」を制定,摂家,武家伝奏を通じた朝廷支配を強化した時期である。譲位により,上皇の立場から新たな朝廷秩序を目指したとも考えられる。譲位後,院にあること52年。宮廷を中心とした文芸復興の機運のなか,近臣公家,禅僧による学問講や和歌,漢和聯句,立花の会を主催した。歌学においては智仁親王,三条西実条,烏丸光広,中院通村に師事し,寛永2年智仁親王から古今伝授を受けた。のちに宮廷歌壇の最高指導者として稽古会,古典講釈を催し,後継の親王,公卿に古今伝授を行い御所伝授による宮廷歌壇を確立。歌集『鴎巣集』がある。宮廷文化,朝儀復興に強い意欲を示し『当時年中行事』の著書がある。また仏道にも帰依,特に禅宗の一糸文守に傾倒し,慶安4(1651)年落飾。法名円浄。京都泉涌寺内の月輪陵に葬られる。修学院離宮は後水尾の造営。<参考文献>熊倉功夫『後水尾院』,同『寛永文化の研究』,辻達也他編『日本の近世2 天皇と将軍』

(母利美和)

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