Bristol (English spelling)

Japanese: ブリストル（英語表記）Bristol

A city in the southwest of England, United Kingdom. It is a unitary authority. In 1974, the areas that belonged to Gloucestershire and Somerset counties were separated and became part of Avon County, and in 1996, it became a unitary authority. It is a port city on the left bank of the estuary of the River Severn, which flows into the Bristol Channel, about 190 km west of London. The city center is about 10 km upstream of the River Avon, which flows into the estuary. It began as a commercial settlement at the confluence of the River Avon and the River Flume around the 10th century. After the port was improved in the 13th century, it began to develop as a port town, and during the reign of Edward III (reigned 1327-77), it became a wool trading center, importing wool from Ireland and exporting woolen textiles, as well as trading with Spain, Portugal, France, and other countries. In the 17th and 18th centuries, trade flourished with the establishment of overseas colonies, and industries such as sugar refining and chocolate manufacturing began based on sugar and cocoa brought by triangular trade. It then declined for a time due to the rapid development of the Port of Liverpool (→Liverpool) in the 19th century, but it developed again after the construction of the outer ports of Avonmouth and Portishead, and became one of the most modernized ports in the UK. It imports grain, oil, feed, zinc, meat, dairy products, fruit, and timber, and exports automobiles, tractors, and machinery. It is also an industrial city, with an aircraft factory in Filton in the northern suburbs that manufactured the supersonic passenger plane Concorde, jointly developed by the UK and France, and other industries such as electronics, tobacco, paper, printing, flour, pottery, chemicals, shipbuilding, and machinery. Many banks and insurance companies have their headquarters in the city, making it a financial center. During World War II, many buildings were destroyed by air raids, but many historical buildings have been preserved, including Bristol Cathedral, formerly St. Augustine's Abbey (1142). There are educational institutions, including the University of Bristol (1876). Area: 110 ^km2 . Population: 380,615 (2001).

Bristol
Bristol

A city straddling the border between Tennessee and Virginia in the United States. Although it is a geographically, culturally, and economically integrated city, it is an administratively separate unit, with its own city hall, public schools, post office, and other facilities. It began as a stopover for travelers heading west in 1771, and in 1856 a railroad was opened linking the eastern coast with the Mississippi River. For over a century, debates about the state border continued, but in 1903 it was decided that the state highway that runs through the center of the city would be the state border. Industries that manufacture electronic equipment, metal products, textiles, and office machines are well developed in the city. The population is 23,421 (Tennessee, 1990) and 18,426 (Virginia, 1990).

Bristol
Bristol

An industrial city located almost in the center of the state of Connecticut, USA. It was the base of the British Party during the Revolutionary War. During the colonial period, there were already flour mills, lumber mills, leather tanneries, and woodworking factories. From the late 17th century to the early 18th century, it was the birthplace of "Yankee peddlers" who traveled the Atlantic coast selling tinwork. Later, the industry shifted to watchmaking, and the technology developed further into the production of watches, bicycles, automobile parts, springs, etc. Population 60,640 (1990).

Bristol
Bristol

A city in the state of Rhode Island, USA. Located just southeast of Providence, it is connected to Rhode Island by the Mount Hope Bridge. It was destroyed by an attack by the British during the American Revolutionary War. In the 18th century, it was a port for trading rum, slaves, and other products, but today it is a residential area on the outskirts of Providence, where plastics and other industries are carried out. Population 21,625 (1990).

Bristol
Bristol, Mark Lambart

Born: 1868. Glassborough, New Jersey
[Died] 1939. Washington, DC
American naval officer and diplomat. He served aboard the USS Texas in the Battle of Santiago during the Spanish-American War. He contributed to the development of modern naval gunnery, torpedoes, and aviation. He also served as a diplomat in Britain, Belgium, Türkiye, and other countries.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

イギリス，イングランド南西部の都市。単一自治体（ユニタリー unitary authority）。1974年の自治体再編でグロスターシャー県とサマセット県に属していた地域が分離してエーボン県の一部となり，1996年に単一自治体となった。ロンドンの西約 190km，ブリストル海峡に注ぐセバーン川の三角江（エスチュアリー）左岸にある港湾都市で，中心市街は三角江に注ぐエーボン川を約 10kmさかのぼった地点にある。10世紀頃エーボン川とフルーム川の合流点に商業集落ができたことに始まる。13世紀に港が改良されてから港町として発展し始め，エドワード3世（在位 1327～77）の治世には羊毛取引中心地となり，アイルランドから羊毛を輸入，毛織物を輸出したほか，スペイン，ポルトガル，フランスなどとも交易。17～18世紀には海外植民地の成立とともに貿易も盛んになり，三角貿易によってもたらされた砂糖やカカオを元に，製糖，チョコレート製造などの工業も始まった。その後 19世紀にかけて急速に発展してきたリバプール港（→リバプール）に押されて一時衰えたが，外港エーボンマウス，ポーティスヘッドが建設されてから再び発展，イギリスで最も近代化の進んだ港湾の一つとなった。穀物，石油，飼料，亜鉛，肉，酪農製品，果実，木材などを輸入し，自動車，トラクタ，機械などを輸出する。工業都市でもあり，北郊のフィルトンにイギリスとフランスが共同開発した超音速旅客機『コンコルド』を製造した航空機工場が立地するほか，電子工学，たばこ，製紙，印刷，製粉，陶器，化学，造船，機械などの工業も盛ん。銀行，保険会社の本社も多く，金融の一中心地にもなっている。第2次世界大戦では，空襲により多くの建物が破壊されたが，元聖オーガスティン修道院（1142）であったブリストル大聖堂をはじめとする歴史的建築物が多数保存されている。ブリストル大学（1876）をはじめとする教育機関がある。面積 110km²。人口 38万615（2001）。

ブリストル
Bristol

アメリカ合衆国，テネシー州とバージニア州の州境にまたがる都市。地形的，文化的，経済的に一体化した都市であるが，行政上別々の単位をなし，それぞれの市庁，公立学校，郵便局その他をもつ。 1771年に西部への旅行者のための宿場として始り，1856年東部の海岸とミシシッピ川を結ぶ鉄道が開通した。1世紀以上にわたって州境に関する論争が続いたが，1903年に市の中心を通る州道を州境とすることに決定した。電子機器，金属製品，繊維，事務機械などをつくる工業が発達している。人口は2万 3421 (テネシー州，1990) ，1万 8426 (バージニア州，1990) 。

ブリストル
Bristol

アメリカ合衆国，コネティカット州のほぼ中央部にある工業都市。独立戦争ではイギリス党の本拠地。植民地時代すでに製粉，製材，なめし皮，木工品工場があった。 17世紀末から 18世紀初めには大西洋岸全域にスズの細工品を売り歩く「ヤンキー行商人」の出身地であった。その後時計製造に移り，さらにその技術は腕時計，自転車，自動車部品，スプリングなどの生産に発展した。人口6万 640 (1990) 。

ブリストル
Bristol

アメリカ合衆国，ロードアイランド州の都市。プロビデンスのすぐ南東にあり，ロード島とはマウントホープ橋でつながる。アメリカ独立戦争中にイギリス軍の攻撃を受けて破壊された。 18世紀にはラム酒，奴隷などの貿易を行う港であったが，現在はプロビデンス郊外の住宅地で，プラスチックなどの工業が行われている。人口2万 1625 (1990) 。