A spell used by the Basilides (2nd-4th centuries), a Christian heretic Gnostic sect, to invoke the help of benevolent spirits to protect against illness and misfortune. The word was found on the Abraxas Stone, used as a talisman. Written in Greek letters, the word represents the number 365, and was therefore used as the name of 365 spiritual hierarchies emanating from the Supreme Being. These correspond to the same number of heavens, the lowest being the place of the spirits that make up the earth and its inhabitants. The word is often accompanied by carvings of grotesque animal figures. The Gnostic physician Serenus Samonises taught its use in preventing or treating chills and fevers. It gradually came into use outside of Gnosticism, and in modern times is used pejoratively to refer to complex, unscientific hypotheses. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
キリスト教の異端であるグノーシス派のうちのバシリデス派 (2~4世紀) が,病気や不幸から守ってくれるよう,慈善心に富む精霊の助けを祈るときに用いたまじないの文句。その言葉は,魔よけとして使われるアブラクサスの石の上に見出される。この語をギリシア字母で書くと 365の数を表わすことから,至高の存在から出る 365の霊的位階の名とした。これらは同数の天界に相当し,最下位が大地とそこに住む者とを構成する諸霊の場所である。この語とともに怪異な人獣像が彫られていることが多い。グノーシス派の医者セレヌス・サモニセスは,悪寒や熱を避けたり,あるいは治療するときにそれを用いるよう教えている。次第にグノーシス派以外でも用いられるようになり,近代では,複雑な非科学的仮説に対し軽蔑的に用いられる。
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