Martial law - Kaigenrei

Japanese: 戒厳令 - かいげんれい

This is an emergency law that entrusts the exercise of normal legislative, administrative, and judicial powers in the whole country or in a certain area to the military in times of emergency such as war or civil war. It is one of the national emergency powers system. Martial law as an emergency law is said to have originated in a law of 1791 during the French Revolution. It was established in the constitutions of France and Germany, but did not exist as an institutionalized written law in the UK or the US. In Japan, it was enacted as a proclamation by the Dajokan in 1882. The declaration of martial law is the power of the Emperor (Article 14 of the old Constitution). When martial law is declared, the authority of the martial law commander in that area is transferred to the authority of the martial law commander, and the constitutional freedoms and rights of the residents are recognized to be restricted. This is not recognized in the current Constitution. However, the Police Law gives the Prime Minister the power to issue a proclamation of a state of emergency (Article 71), which is an issue of interpretation.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

戦争や内乱などの非常時に際し，全国ないしは一部地域において通常の立法権，行政権，司法権の行使を軍部にゆだねる非常法をいう。国家緊急権制度のひとつ。非常法としての戒厳令は，フランス革命中の1791年の法律に起源をもつとされる。フランス，ドイツでは憲法中に定められたが，英国，米国では制度化された成文法としては存在しなかった。日本では，1882年に太政官布告として制定された。戒厳の宣告は天皇の権能（旧憲法14条）。戒厳が宣告されると，その地域における立法・司法・行政事務は戒厳司令官の権限に移され，住民の憲法上の自由・権利は制限されることが認められた。現行憲法では認められない。ただし，警察法は内閣総理大臣に緊急事態の布告を発する権限を認めており（71条），解釈上の問題となっている。
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