Conodonts - Conodonts

Japanese: コノドント - このどんと(英語表記)conodonts
Conodonts - Conodonts

A tiny partial fossil of a mysterious animal. It was first reported in 1856 by Russian paleontologist CH Pander (1794-1865) from a layer in the Baltic region. There has been much discussion about its taxonomic position, and opinions are still divided today. In 1983, 1986, and 1993, animal fossils with conodont assemblages in the head were discovered in Carboniferous shales distributed in Scotland. They have a long, slender body like an eel and tissues that seem to be a notochord, and are called conodont animals. There are two views: one that conodont animals are agnatha, and the other that they are a different animal from agnatha.

Conodonts range in size from 200 micrometers to 3 millimeters, and are mainly composed of calcium phosphate. Based on their appearance, they are divided into horn-like single-tooth conodonts, comb-like compound-tooth conodonts with multiple horns lined up, and plate-like platform conodonts. There is a depression at the base of the tooth, called a basal cavity. In well-preserved specimens, the basal cavity has a basal plate or basal filling. When a thin section of a conodont is observed under a microscope, a ring-like structure of thin calcareous layers, which is thought to indicate growth, can be seen. They are found in various marine sedimentary rocks from the Cambrian Period of the Paleozoic Era to the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, and are useful fossils for comparing strata.

[Yoshihiro Tanimura]

"Japanese Fossil Collection Editorial Committee, eds., "Japanese Fossil Collection 6: Neogene and Quaternary Ultramicrofossils of the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture" and "Japanese Fossil Collection 7: Carboniferous Conodont Fossils of the Akiyoshi Limestone, Yamaguchi Prefecture" (1977, Tsukiji Shokan)""Igo Hisayoshi, "Paleozoic Conodonts - Fossils that Mark 400 Million Years" (1979, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association)""Hayami Itaru and Mori Kei, eds., "Science of Paleontology 1: Overview and Classification of Paleontology" (1998, Asakura Shoten)"

[Reference items] | Fossils | Agnathians

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

謎(なぞ)の多い動物の微小な部分化石。1856年にロシアの古生物学者パンダーC. H. Pander(1794―1865)が、バルチック地方の地層から初めて報告した。その分類上の位置については多くの議論がなされてきたが、今日でもなお意見が分かれている。1983年、1986年そして1993年、スコットランドに分布する石炭紀の頁岩(けつがん)から、頭部にコノドント集合体をもつ動物化石が発見された。それらはウナギのような細長い胴と脊索(せきさく)と考えられる組織をもち、コノドント動物とよばれている。コノドント動物を無顎(むがく)類とする考えと、無顎類とは別の動物であるとする見解がある。

 コノドントの大きさは200マイクロメートルから3ミリメートル程度で、おもな成分はリン酸カルシウムである。外形から、角(つの)のような単歯型コノドント、複数の角が並んで櫛(くし)のような複歯型コノドント、そして板状のプラットホーム型コノドントに分けられている。歯の付け根にあたる基底部には、窪(くぼ)みがあり基底腔(こう)とよばれる。保存のいい個体では、基底腔に基底板とか基底充填(じゅうてん)物がついている。コノドントの薄片を顕微鏡下で観察すると、成長のあとを示すと考えられる石灰質薄層の年輪状構造が認められる。古生代カンブリア紀から中生代三畳紀までの、さまざまな海成堆積(たいせき)岩から産し、地層を対比するうえで有効な化石である。

[谷村好洋]

『日本化石集編集委員会編『日本化石集6 千葉県房総半島の新第三紀・第四紀超微化石』『日本化石集7 山口県秋吉石灰岩の石炭紀コノドント化石』(1977・築地書館)』『猪郷久義著『古生物コノドント――四億年を刻む化石』(1979・日本放送出版協会)』『速水格・森啓編『古生物の科学1 古生物の総説・分類』(1998・朝倉書店)』

[参照項目] | 化石 | 無顎類

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Leaf Stone - Konoishi

>>:  Konotegashiwa - This wrinkle

Recommend

Ceriagrion nipponicum

… [Shojiro Asahina]. … *Some of the terminology t...

Corvus corone (English name)

...A general term for birds of the genus Corvus ,...

The Eighteen Tombs of Guanzhong

...The large mound in the east of Guanzhuang vill...

International capital movement

This refers to the movement of capital associated...

African long-eared flying fox - African long-eared flying fox

...It is nocturnal, and in captivity, it becomes ...

Alaskan brown bear - Alaska brown bear

Please see the "Brown Bear" page. Sourc...

Oxaloacetic acid - Oxaloacetic acid

A type of dicarboxylic acid with four carbon atom...

Suzu moss beetle - Suzu moss beetle

A small marine animal belonging to the order Podo...

Mojiriori - Mojiriori

Also called karamiori. In normal textiles, the war...

Arcane - Arcane

... In terms of language and customs, Russians in...

Tropical rat mite

This mite belongs to the Arthropoda phylum, Arach...

Ikenobo Senjo - Ikenobo Senjo

1769-1832 A flower arranger from the late Edo per...

Chinese Art

China is a multi-ethnic country made up of over 5...

Refractoriness - Refractoriness

The degree of fire resistance of graphite, firecla...

Dime novel

A cheap, popular novel that was popular in America...