Constitutional protection movement

Japanese: 護憲運動 - ごけんうんどう

Also known as the Movement for the Protection of Constitutional Government. A movement aimed at establishing party politics in opposition to bureaucratic politics centered on clan factions. (1) First. After the fall of the second Saionji Kinmochi Cabinet in 1912, a constitutional government protection conference was held at the suggestion of party figures and newspaper reporters, including Ozaki Yukio of the Seiyukai Party and Inukai Tsuyoshi of the Kumonto Party. However, the genro nominated Katsura Taro, a leader of the clan faction and Minister of the Interior, and the third Katsura Cabinet was formed at the end of the same year. In response, on February 10, 1913, tens of thousands of people surrounded the Diet and demanded his resignation, and Katsura resigned the next day. (2) Second. After the Kiyoura Cabinet, centered on the House of Peers, was formed in 1924, the three factions of the Kenseikai, Seiyukai, and Reform Club launched a strong movement to protect the constitution. The three factions won a landslide victory in the general election, and the three factions of constitutional protection, Kato Takaaki's Cabinet, were formed and enacted the Universal Suffrage Law. Compared to the first election, there was no rise in the popular movement, and the election was led by party leaders, with the intention of preventing the intensification of class struggle.
→ Related articlesKeigo Kiyoura Cabinet | Taisho Political Crisis | Taisho Democracy | Universal Suffrage Movement

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

憲政擁護運動とも。藩閥中心の官僚政治に反対して政党政治の確立をめざす運動。（１）第１次。1912年第２次西園寺公望内閣が倒れたあと，政友会の尾崎行雄，国民党の犬養毅ら政党人や新聞記者の提唱で憲政擁護大会が開かれた。しかし元老は藩閥の巨頭で内大臣の桂太郎を指名，同年末第３次桂内閣が成立。これに対し翌1913年２月10日，数万の民衆が議会を包囲して辞職を要求，桂は翌日総辞職。（２）第２次。1924年貴族院中心の清浦内閣が成立すると，憲政会・政友会・革新倶楽部３派は強力な護憲運動を展開。総選挙で３派が大勝，護憲三派の加藤高明内閣が成立し，普通選挙法を制定した。第１次と比べて民衆運動の高揚はなく，政党幹部が中心となり，階級闘争激化の防止が意図されていた。
→関連項目清浦奎吾内閣｜大正政変｜大正デモクラシー｜普選運動

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