Ayutthaya Dynasty - Ayutthayacho (English spelling)

Japanese: アユタヤ朝 - あゆたやちょう(英語表記)Ayutthaya
Ayutthaya Dynasty - Ayutthayacho (English spelling)

A Thai dynasty (1351-1767) with its capital in Ayutthaya. Known as Senra in Chinese historical sources and Shamro in Japan. Europeans called it Sião or Siam. The founder of the dynasty was Ramathibodi (reigned 1351-1369). Successive kings expanded their territory to the north, east, and south, and controlled Chiang Mai, Cambodia, and Malacca. Since the capture of Angkor in 1432, the country has been strongly influenced by Cambodianized Indian culture. There were frequent wars with Burma (now Myanmar) to the west, and in 1569 the capital Ayutthaya fell to an attack by the Burmese expeditionary force, and the country was under Burmese control for 15 years. King Naresuen the Great (reigned 1590-1605) liberated Ayutthaya and recaptured its territory from Burma. Since its founding, the Ayutthaya Dynasty, with the royal court at its center, actively engaged in trade with China, the Ryukyu Islands, and other countries. From the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century, the royal capital of Ayutthaya, which was a commercial port, saw the opening of trading posts by Japanese and Persian merchants, as well as the Dutch East India Company, which engaged in lively trade activities. Christianity was spread by Portugal and France, but it was hindered by the thick wall of Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhism, which had penetrated deeply into all levels of society under the strong protection of the king, and the influence of the religion was sluggish. King Narai (reigned 1657-1688) exchanged envoys with Louis XIV of France. From the middle of the 18th century, the Dynasty began to decline, and in 1767, the capital city was devastated by an attack by the Burmese army, bringing an end to the Ayutthaya Dynasty's 416-year history.

[Yoneo Ishii]

[References] | Ramathibodhi (I)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アユタヤに首都を置いたタイ人の王朝(1351~1767)。中国史料の暹羅(せんら)、日本ではシャムロの名で知られる。ヨーロッパ人はこれをSião, Siamとよんだ。王朝の始祖はラーマティボディ(在位1351~1369)。歴代の王は北方、東方、南方に向かって版図の拡大を図り、チェンマイ、カンボジア、マラッカに支配権を及ぼした。1432年のアンコール攻略以来、文化的にはカンボジア化したインド文化の強い影響下に置かれた。西方のビルマ(現、ミャンマー)とはしばしば戦争を繰り返し、1569年にはビルマ遠征軍の攻撃を受けて首都アユタヤは陥落し、15年間ビルマの支配下に置かれた。ナレースエン大王(在位1590~1605)はアユタヤを解放し、ビルマから版図も取り戻した。アユタヤ朝は建国以来、宮廷が中心となって、中国、琉球(りゅうきゅう)などと盛んに貿易を行った。16世紀末から17世紀に入ると、商港である王都アユタヤには、日本人、ペルシア人商人などのほか、オランダ東インド会社も商館を開設して活発な交易活動を行った。ポルトガル、フランスによってキリスト教の布教が行われたが、国王の手厚い保護を受けて社会の各層に深く浸透したスリランカ系の上座部仏教の厚い壁に阻まれ、教勢は振るわなかった。ナライ王(在位1657~1688)は、フランスのルイ14世と使節を交換した。18世紀の中葉を過ぎるころから衰退に向かい、1767年、ビルマ軍の攻撃によって首都は壊滅的打撃を被り、アユタヤ朝は416年の歴史の幕を閉じた。

[石井米雄]

[参照項目] | ラーマティボディ(1世)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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