National Humiliation Memorial Day (English)

Japanese: 国恥紀念日 - こくちきねんび（英語表記）Guó chǐ jì niàn rì

During the Republic of China era, this day was set aside to commemorate the national humiliation suffered as a result of the invasion of the great powers and to promote the anti-imperialist struggle for independence. Due to the May Fourth Movement, the dates that were first chosen were the dates when Japan's Twenty-One Point Ultimatum was issued and when it was accepted by the Beijing government (May 7th and May 9th), and later on various dates were chosen depending on the time and place, such as the date when the Treaty of Xinchu was signed (September 7th). The most important dates were the Manchurian Incident on September 18th and the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on July 7th. The National Humiliation Memorial Code enacted by the Nanjing government in 1929 was primarily intended to bring the people's anti-imperialist struggle under the control of the Kuomintang.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中華民国時代，列強の侵略によってこうむった国恥を〈紀念〉し反帝独立闘争を推進するための日。五･四運動によりまず二十一ヵ条にまつわる日本の最後通牒の通告日と北京政府の受諾日(5月7日，5月9日)がまずとりあげられ，のち辛丑（しんちゆう）条約締結日(9月7日)など時と所に応じていろいろであった。もっとも重要なのは9月18日の満州事変と7月7日の日中戦争開始日である。1929年に南京政府が制定した国恥紀念辧法は主要には人民の反帝闘争を国民党の統制下におこうとするものだった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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