This refers to the obligation of the policyholder or the insured to tell the insurer the truth about important facts and important matters when concluding an insurance contract (Articles 4, 37, and 66 of the Insurance Law). The purpose of the obligation to inform the policyholder or the insured is to provide the insurer who is planning to underwrite the insurance with materials that affect the accident occurrence rate. The obligation to inform is not an obligation that conflicts with rights, and if this obligation is simply violated, the insurer can cancel the insurance contract under certain conditions, and the insured will suffer the disadvantage of not being able to receive insurance benefits (insurance money). Therefore, it is not a genuine obligation from a legal perspective, but is considered to belong to the so-called indirect obligation or self-obligation. The obligation to inform was formerly called the responsibility to disclose or the obligation to disclose. In the Insurance Contract Law, the obligation to inform is sometimes broadly referred to as the obligation to inform of increases or changes in risk after the contract is concluded, and the obligation to inform of the occurrence of damage, but in the narrow sense, the obligation to inform is usually used to refer only to the obligation at the time of contract conclusion. The law established the system of disclosure obligations based on the peculiarities of the technical structure of the insurance system, and is considered to be a unique system recognized by law. Originally, the policyholder or insured should proactively disclose the matters to be disclosed. However, if the policyholder or insured is a member of the general public, it is difficult for them to determine what matters to be disclosed are, as they lack knowledge about insurance. Therefore, the Insurance Law requires that the policyholder or insured answer questions from the insurer. [Takuji Kaneko and Mitsuo Sakaguchi] "Masaaki Nakanishi, 'Obligation to Disclose Insurance Contracts' (2003, Yuhikaku)" [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
保険契約の締結にあたって、保険契約者または被保険者が、保険者に対し、重要な事実を、また重要な事項について真実を告げなければならない義務(保険法4条・37条・66条)をいう。保険契約者または被保険者に告知義務が課されている趣旨は、保険の引受けをしようとしている保険者に、事故発生率に影響を及ぼす資料を提供するということにある。告知義務は権利に対立する義務ではなく、単にこの義務に違反した場合には、保険者は一定の要件のもとに保険契約を解除することができ、それによって被保険者は保険給付(保険金)を取得することができないという不利益を被るにすぎない。したがって、それは法律的にみて真正の義務ではなく、いわゆる間接義務ないし自己義務に属するものとされている。なお、告知義務は古くは開陳責任または開陳義務といわれた。保険契約法上広く告知義務という場合には、契約締結後における危険の増加・変更などの通知義務や損害発生の通知義務をも含ませることもあるが、狭義において告知義務というときは、契約締結時におけるそれのみをさすのが通例の用法である。法律が告知義務の制度を設けたのは、保険制度の技術的構造の特殊性に基づいたもので、とくに法が認めた独自の制度であるとされている。もともと、保険契約者または被保険者は告知事項を積極的に告知すべきである。しかし保険契約者または被保険者が一般大衆である場合には、保険についての知識に乏しいため何が告知事項であるかを判断することは困難である。そこで保険法においては、保険契約者または被保険者は保険者からの質問に答えることになっている。 [金子卓治・坂口光男] 『中西正明著『保険契約の告知義務』(2003・有斐閣)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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