Convention on International Civil Aviation

Japanese: 国際民間航空条約 - こくさいみんかんこうくうじょうやく(英語表記)Convention on International Civil Aviation
Convention on International Civil Aviation

A multilateral treaty concluded in November 1944 in Chicago, USA by 52 Allied and neutral nations, with the objectives of establishing the fundamental principles for international civil aviation after World War II and establishing the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It is also known as the Chicago Convention. The treaty consists of 4 parts, 22 chapters and 96 articles. The preamble of the treaty states that the purpose of the treaty is "to be concluded in order that international civil aviation may be established on the basis of equal opportunity and operated in a sound and economical manner, in order that international civil aviation may be developed safely and in an orderly manner." Japan joined in October 1953.

However, while this treaty was able to lay down the fundamental principles of international aviation, it did not satisfy the broad and free international civil aviation activities that the host country, the United States, intended, and the privilege of transiting over territorial airspace and landing for purposes other than transportation was determined by the International Air Services Transit Agreement, while other transportation rights were determined by bilateral air agreements between the parties. This treaty provides for the establishment and operation of ICAO, and membership in ICAO is achieved by joining this treaty.

[Akira Akiba]

[References] | International Civil Aviation Organization

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1944年11月、連合国と中立国52か国がアメリカのシカゴで締結した第二次世界大戦後の国際民間航空に関する根本原則の確立かつ国際民間航空機関(ICAO(イカオ))の設立を目的とした多国間条約。シカゴ条約ともよばれる。条約は4部22章96条からなる。条約の目的として、前文において「国際民間航空が安全かつ整然と発達するよう、国際民間航空運送業務が、機会均等主義に基づいて確立され、健全かつ経済的に運営されるように締結する」としている。日本は1953年(昭和28)10月に加盟した。

 しかし、本条約においては、国際航空に関する根本原則を定めることはできたものの、主催国アメリカの意図した幅広い自由な国際民間航空の活動を満たすものではなく、領空通過および運輸目的以外で着陸する特権については国際航空業務通過協定によって、そのほかの運輸権については当事国間の二国間航空協定によることとなった。本条約によりICAOの設置および運営の規定がなされているが、ICAOへの加盟は本条約の加盟によってなされる。

[秋葉 明]

[参照項目] | 国際民間航空機関

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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