Black seal - Kokuinjo

Japanese: 黒印状 - こくいんじょう
Black seal - Kokuinjo

This refers to documents that use black ink for the stamping of seals, among the seals found in documents of samurai families from the Muromachi period onwards. It is said that the first document to be seen with black ink was issued by Imagawa Ujichika, the Suruga Shugo, under his childhood name of Ryuomaru on October 20, 1487 (Chokyo 1) at Tokoji Temple in the same province (Tokoji documents). After this, black ink was used by feudal lords in the Sengoku period, but compared to the red ink used in the same period, it was considered less formal and was used for personal matters and minor occasions. However, in the case of Oda Nobunaga, it is notable that no such distinction in usage was seen. Also, from the Edo period onwards, it was used for the shogun's private documents and documents of various feudal lords and hatamoto.

[Masaki Kubota]

[Reference item] | Seal | Stamp | Red seal

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

室町期以降の武家様文書にみられる印判状(いんばんじょう)のうち、印章の捺印(なついん)に黒の印肉を使用した文書をいう。駿河守護(するがしゅご)の今川氏親(いまがわうじちか)が1487年(長享1)10月20日に同国東光寺(とうこうじ)に龍王丸の幼名で出した文書が初見とされている(東光寺文書)。以後、黒印状は戦国大名によって使用されたが、同時期に使用された朱印状(しゅいんじょう)と比べると薄礼とされ、私事や軽微なときに用いられた。しかし織田信長の場合、そのような使用上の区別はみられないことが特徴である。また江戸期以降は、将軍の私的文書や諸大名、旗本の文書に使用された。

[久保田昌希]

[参照項目] | 印章 | 印判状 | 朱印状

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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