Daigokuden - Daigokuden

It is also read as "Daigyokuden." It was the main hall of Chodoin, the main office of the Daidairi, and was located in the center of the northern part of the palace. The emperor attended important ceremonies such as the enthronement, Daijoe, Choga, Kokusaku, and Gosaie. It is believed to have been established in the second half of the 7th century, and remains have been excavated at Naniwa Palace, Fujiwara Palace, Heijo Palace, and Nagaoka Palace. In all cases, there was a corridor and a Komon gate between the Chodo and the palace, which formed the boundary between them. In the early Naniwa Palace (before the reign of Emperor Tenmu), the main building, which was seven bays east to west and two bays north to south, had eaves on all four sides, and was connected to the Dairi, which was built to the north, by a corridor.

At Fujiwara Palace, it is estimated that the main building had eaves on all four sides, nine bays east to west and two bays north to south, and the palace buildings were built on the east-west and north-west corridors surrounding the Daigokuden, the first to be built with a tiled foundation and stone.At Heijo Palace, the main building had eaves on all four sides, seven bays east to west and two bays north to south, and the rear hall was built on the northern corridor.

Nagaoka Palace was the same size as Heijo Palace, with a Koaden Hall to the north and a gate in the corridor behind it. The Koaden Hall was a resting place for the emperor when he went to the Daigokuden, and was built because the Dairi, which was located just north of Chodoin until Heijo Palace, was moved to the east.

The Daigokuden of Heian-gu was completed in 795 (Enryaku 14) immediately after the capital was moved, and Emperor Kanmu received a congratulatory speech from his ministers the following year on New Year's Day. The corridor and Komon Gate on the border with the Chodo became a step called Ryubidan (Road), and was connected to the Koyasuden Hall behind it by a corridor. The main building of the building is nine bays from east to west and two bays from north to south, and has eaves on all four sides. It is made of green glazed roof tiles and has vermilion-painted hipped roofing with vermilion-painted pillars, with brick floors, and a platform in the center of the main building where the Takamikura (high throne) was placed. It has suffered three fires, and was not rebuilt after it was burned down in 1177 (Jisho 1). The worship hall of Heian-jingu, built in 1895 (Meiji 28), is a scaled-down replica of the Daigokuden from the late Heian period.

[Sanae Yoshida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

「だいぎょくでん」とも読む。大内裏(だいだいり)の正庁である朝堂院(ちょうどういん)の正殿で、その北部中央にあった。即位、大嘗会(だいじょうえ)、朝賀(ちょうが)、視告朔(こくさく)、御斎会(ごさいえ)など、重要な儀式に天皇が出御した。7世紀後半には成立していたとされ、難波(なにわ)宮、藤原宮、平城宮、長岡宮では遺構が発掘されており、いずれも朝堂との間に廊、閤門(こうもん)があって境となっていた。前期難波宮（天武(てんむ)朝以前）では東西七間、南北二間の母屋(もや)の四面に庇(ひさし)があり、北に建てられた内裏と廊で結ばれていた。

　藤原宮では東西九間、南北二間の母屋の四面に庇があったと推定され、大極殿を囲む形の東西北の回廊に殿舎があり、初めて瓦葺礎石造(かわらぶきそせきづくり)となった。平城宮では東西七間、南北二間の母屋の四面に庇があり、北側の回廊に後殿があった。

　長岡宮では平城宮と同じ規模で、北側に小安殿(こあどの)、背後の回廊に門があった。小安殿とは天皇が大極殿に出御する際の休息所で、平城宮までは朝堂院のすぐ北にあった内裏が東方に移されたためにつくられた。

　平安宮の大極殿は、遷都直後の795年（延暦14）完成し、翌年正月には桓武(かんむ)天皇が群臣の朝賀を受けている。朝堂との境の回廊と閤門が竜尾壇(りゅうびだん)（道(どう)）という段になり、背後にある小安殿と廊で結ばれていた。殿舎は東西九間、南北二間の母屋の四面に庇があり、緑釉瓦(りょくゆうがわら)、朱塗りの柱の寄棟(よせむね)造で、床には磚(せん)（れんが）を敷き、母屋中央には壇をつくって高御座(たかみくら)を置いた。三度火災にあい、1177年（治承1）焼失したのちは再建されなかった。なお、1895年（明治28）に建立された平安神宮の拝殿は平安後期の大極殿を縮小模造したものである。

［吉田早苗］

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