Respiratory pigments

Japanese: 呼吸色素 - こきゅうしきそ
Respiratory pigments

A general term for pigment proteins involved in the respiratory mechanism in the body. In the narrow sense, it refers to hemoglobin and other hemoglobins that are in the blood and transport oxygen from the respiratory organs to tissues. In a broader sense, it can also include respiratory enzymes in general, such as cytochromes and flavin enzymes. The original function of hemoglobin is to transport molecular oxygen, which differs from the function of respiratory enzymes, which consume oxygen metabolically (oxidize) it. All hemoglobins are complexes of porphyrin metal complexes and proteins, and reversibly bind to oxygen. For example, hemoglobin in vertebrate red blood cells is a red heme protein that contains iron, and in the lungs, where the partial pressure of oxygen is high, Hb (hemoglobin) + O2 (oxygen)
HbO2 (oxyhemoglobin)
In the peripheral tissues, where the partial pressure is low, it releases oxygen. So-called gas poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide in the gas binds more firmly to hemoglobin, preventing it from binding with oxygen. Other known hemoglobins include hemocyanin (blue, contains copper), which is found in lower animals, chlorocruorin (green), and hemoerythrin (red). All of these change color when oxygen is given or taken up.

[Nobuyoshi Irie]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生体内で呼吸機構に関与する色素タンパク質の総称。狭義には、血液中にあって呼吸器官から組織に酸素を運搬するヘモグロビンなどの血色素をさす。広義にはチトクロム類、フラビン酵素類などの呼吸酵素一般を含むこともある。血色素の本来の機能は分子状酸素の運搬にあり、酸素の代謝的消費(酸化)を行う呼吸酵素とは機能を異にする。血色素はいずれもポルフィリンの金属錯塩とタンパク質の複合体であり、可逆的に酸素と結合する。たとえば、脊椎(せきつい)動物赤血球中のヘモグロビンは鉄を含む赤色のヘムタンパク質であり、酸素分圧の高い肺では
 Hb(ヘモグロビン)+O2(酸素)
 HbO2(オキシヘモグロビン)
のように酸素を結合し、分圧の低い末梢(まっしょう)組織では酸素を遊離する。いわゆるガス中毒は、ガス中の一酸化炭素がより強固にヘモグロビンと結合し、酸素との結合を阻害するためにおこる。このほか血色素としては、下等動物にみられるヘモシアニン(青色、銅含有)、クロロクルオリン(緑色)、ヘモエリスリン(赤色)などが知られている。いずれも酸素の授受によって色の変化を伴う。

[入江伸吉]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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