French linguist. Professor at the Institute of Advanced Studies, then at the Collège de France. In 1929, he was elected a member of the Institut de France. He played a leading role in French linguistics in the first half of the 20th century, and trained many outstanding students in a wide range of fields. His specialty was Indo-European languages, and he achieved great success in almost every field. His major work, Introduction to Comparative Indo-European Grammar (1903, 8th edition 1937), far surpasses similar works for its brilliant synthesis and clarity of description. His masterpieces of individual language overviews include Outlines of the History of Greek (1913, 1935), Outlines of the History of Latin (1928, 1933), Outlines of the Comparative Grammar of Classical Armenian (1936), and Common Slavic (1934). He also wrote other books, such as Comparative Methods in Historical Linguistics (1925, Japanese translation 1977), and Modern European Languages (1918, 1928), totaling 25 books. He studied directly with the young Francis de Saussure at an early age, and realized the importance of systematicity in language. He also placed importance on the social aspect of language, and was particularly interested in examining language change in relation to social factors. Since the 19th century, Indo-European linguistics and general linguistics had been developed mainly in Germany, especially by the Young Grammar School, but new developments were opened up by the French school led by Meillet. In 1924, he co-edited with Marcel Cohen (1884-1974) " Les langues du monde " (The Languages of the World), which has also been translated into Japanese ("The Languages of the World"), and the original was revised in 1952 and is considered a classic overview of the world's languages. [Katsumi Matsumoto August 21, 2018] "Languages of the World" edited by Hisanosuke Izumi, translated by Juntaro Ishihama et al. (1954, Asahi Shimbun) " "Comparative Methods in Historical Linguistics" translated by Hisanosuke Izumi (1977, Misuzu Shobo) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの言語学者。高等学術研究所教授を経て、コレージュ・ド・フランス教授。1929年にはフランス学士院の会員に選ばれた。20世紀前半のフランス言語学界でもっとも指導的な役割を演じ、多方面にわたって優れた門下生を育てた。専門は印欧語の領域で、そのほとんどあらゆる分野にわたってりっぱな業績を残した。主著とされる『印欧語比較文法序説』(1903、第8版1937)は、総合のみごとさと叙述の明晰(めいせき)さによって類書をはるかにぬきんでている。個別言語の概説としては、『ギリシア語史概要』(1913、1935)、『ラテン語史要説』(1928、1933)、『古典アルメニア語比較文法要説』(1936)、『共通スラヴ語』(1934)などが名著として聞こえ、ほかに『史的言語学における比較の方法』(1925、邦訳1977)、『現代ヨーロッパの諸言語』(1918、1928)など、その著書は全部で25冊に達する。彼は早くに若年のF・ド・ソシュールに直接学び、言語における体系性の重要性を自覚するとともに、また言語の社会的側面を重視し、とくに言語変化を社会的要因と関連づけて考察することに意を用いた。19世紀以来、ドイツの、とりわけ青年文法学派を中心に進められてきた印欧語学および一般言語学は、メイエを中心とするフランス学派の活躍によって新生面が切り開かれた。なお1924年コーアンMarcel Cohen(1884―1974)とともに監修した『Les langues du monde』は邦訳(『世界の言語』)もあり、また原著は1952年に改版が出され、世界諸言語の概説として古典的名著とされる。 [松本克己 2018年8月21日] 『泉井久之助編、石浜純太郎他訳『世界の言語』(1954・朝日新聞社)』▽『泉井久之助訳『史的言語学における比較の方法』(1977・みすず書房)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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