Hefei

A prefecture-level city in central Anhui Province, China, and the capital of the province. It governs four city districts and four counties, and acts as the acting governor of one county-level city (as of 2016). Its population was 5,019,461 (2010). It is located along the Feishui River, with Chaohu Lake to the south, and is in the center of the Central Wanzhou Plain, where a network of waterways runs in all directions. It developed as a key location on the transportation route connecting the Central Plains and Jiangnan. During the Spring and Autumn period, it was the land of the Shu Kingdom, and Hefei County was established during the Han Dynasty. During the Sui Dynasty, Luzhou was established, and during the Southern Song Dynasty, it became the front line against the Jin Dynasty and a trading post was established. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was the governor of Luzhou. The city was established in 1949, and the provincial capital was moved here from Anqing.

Once a consumer city, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, various industries developed rapidly and it became a comprehensive industrial city. Factories of steel, mining machinery, electric motors, textiles, chemicals, electronic devices, building materials, and more are located here. The old city walls were removed and a ring road was created, and the remains of the city moat were transformed into Kanjo Park. A vast new urban area has been formed to the south of the old city. Scenic places and historical sites include Xiaoyaojin Garden and Kyododai Terrace.

[Kazuo Hayashi, Editorial Department, July 19, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、安徽(あんき)省中部にある地級市で、同省の省都。4市轄区、4県を管轄し、1県級市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。人口501万9461（2010）。肥水(ひすい)に沿い、南に巣湖(そうこ)を控え、水路網が縦横に走る皖中(かんちゅう)平原の中心地で、中原(ちゅうげん)と江南を結ぶ交通路上の要地として発展した。春秋時代は舒(じょ)国の地で、漢代に合肥県が置かれた。隋(ずい)代に廬州(ろしゅう)が置かれ、南宋(なんそう)代には金(きん)に対する最前線となり交易場が置かれた。明(みん)・清(しん)代は廬州府治であった。1949年に市が設けられ、安慶(あんけい)から省都をここに移した。

　かつては消費都市であったが、中華人民共和国成立後、各種工業が急速に発達し総合工業都市となった。鉄鋼、鉱山用機械、電動機、紡織、化学、電子機器、建築材料などの工場が立地している。旧城壁の取り払われた跡が環状道路となり、城濠(じょうごう)の跡が環城(かんじょう)公園に姿を変えた。旧市街南方に広大な新市街地が形成されている。名勝・旧跡には逍遙津園(しょうようしんえん)、教弩台(きょうどだい)などがある。

［林　和生・編集部　2017年7月19日］

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