The most well-known plant for dyeing indigo is the annual grass I. tinctoria L., which belongs to the Polygonaceae family, but there are also trees that can be used to dye indigo, and these are called tree I. tinctoria L., or kiai. There are several species of I. tinctoria in the Fabaceae family, and Strobilanthes cusia O. Kuntze in the Acanthaceae family, and all of these use the leaves as dye. I. tinctoria L., which is found in southern India, is the most famous, and was the main indigo dye until the indigo pigment was chemically synthesized. Ryukyu indigo is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, and in Okinawa the indigo dye from its leaves was used to dye Bashofu and other fabrics, but it has not been used much in recent years. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika December 11, 2020] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
藍色の染料植物としてよく知られているものは草であるタデ科の一年草アイであるが、木にも藍色染料となるものがあり、これを木のアイ、すなわちキアイとよぶ。キアイにはマメ科コマツナギ属の数種と、キツネノマゴ科のリュウキュウアイStrobilanthes cusia O.Kuntzeなどがあり、いずれも葉を染料として用いる。コマツナギ属のものはインドを中心として生産され、ナンバンコマツナギ(インドアイ)Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.ともいう。木の高さは1、2メートル、葉は9~13枚の小葉からなる奇数羽状複葉。なかでもインド南部産のタイワンコマツナギI. tinctoria L.が著名で、藍色色素インジゴが化学合成されるまでは主要な藍色染料であった。リュウキュウアイは、アジアの熱帯から亜熱帯で栽培されており、沖縄ではこの葉の藍色染料で芭蕉布(ばしょうふ)などを染めたが、最近ではあまり用いられなくなった。 [星川清親 2020年12月11日] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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