Italian ryegrass - Italian ryegrass

Japanese: イタリアンライグラス - いたりあんらいぐらす(英語表記)Italian ryegrass
Italian ryegrass - Italian ryegrass

A biennial herb of the Poaceae family (APG classification: Poaceae). Also called mouse barley. The leaves are long and slender, 5-30 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, and glossy on the underside. Young leaves appear rolled into a cone shape. The ears appear in early summer and reach a height of 50-80 cm. The ears are flattened because the spikelets, about 2 cm long, grow alternately opposite the spikelet. The glumes have awns about 1 cm long. It is native to the Mediterranean coast and was introduced to Japan in the early Meiji period, and is now wild in various places. It is cultivated for its stems and leaves as feed. It is generally sown in the fall and harvested 2-4 times the following spring. There are many varieties, from early to late, and the cultivation of large tetraploid varieties has been increasing recently.

When grassland is developed, it is sown mixed with perennial pasture grasses such as orchard grass to ensure production in the first year. In western Japan, it is grown as a second crop in rice paddies. The closely related perennial ryegrass (also called ryegrass) L. perenne L. is a perennial grass used as pasture grass. There are many intermediate types between this and Italian ryegrass.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika August 20, 2019]

[Reference item] | Orchard grass

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イネ科(APG分類:イネ科)の一、二年草。ネズミムギともいう。葉は細長く、長さ5~30センチメートル、幅0.5~1センチメートル、裏面につやがある。若い葉は円錐(えんすい)状に巻いて現れる。初夏に穂が出て、高さ50~80センチメートルとなる。穂は2センチメートルほどの小穂が穂軸に向かい合って互生するため扁平(へんぺい)。護穎(ごえい)には1センチメートルほどの芒(のぎ)がある。原産地は地中海沿岸で、日本へは明治初期に渡来、現在では各地に野生化している。茎葉を飼料とするために栽培する。一般に秋に播種(はしゅ)し、翌春2~4回刈り取る。早生(わせ)から晩生(おくて)まで多くの品種があり、最近では大形の四倍体品種の栽培が増えている。

 草地を造成する場合、初年度の生産を確保するために、オーチャードグラス(カモガヤ)などの多年生牧草と混ぜて播(ま)く。西日本では水田の裏作とされる。近縁のペレニアルライグラス(ホソムギともいう)L. perenne L.は多年生で、牧草とされる。これとイタリアンライグラスとの中間型も多い。

[星川清親 2019年8月20日]

[参照項目] | オーチャードグラス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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