An instrument that measures altitude above the ground or sea level. A barometric altimeter makes use of the fact that air pressure decreases with height, and is a portable aneroid barometer with an altitude scale. A barometer was also used to measure the height of the peak of Mt. Fuji in the early Meiji period. Air pressure varies not only with height, but also with temperature. The scale of a barometric altimeter is based on a temperature distribution known as the standard atmosphere, but errors occur as the scale differs from the actual temperature. A barometric altimeter attached to an airplane will indicate a lower altitude than the actual altitude the lower the temperature, even when corrected for ground air pressure. A radio altimeter, which determines altitude by the time it takes for a radio wave emitted vertically downward to be reflected and returned, does not have such errors. [Takeji Shinohara] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地表面あるいは海面からの高度を測る計器。気圧高度計は高さとともに気圧が減少することを利用したもので、携帯に便利なアネロイド気圧計に高度の目盛りをつけてある。明治の初年に富士山頂の高さを測った際にも、気圧計が使われた。気圧の違いは高さばかりでなく、気温にもよる。気圧高度計の目盛りは、標準大気とよぶ気温分布にあわせてあるが、実際の気温と異なるにつれて誤差を生じる。飛行機に取り付けた気圧高度計は、地上気圧を補正しても、気温が低いほど実際よりも低い高度を示す。鉛直下方に向けて発射した電波が、反射して戻る時間で高度を求める電波高度計は、このような誤差がない。 [篠原武次] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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